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Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: lhutʼhhaze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
199710
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ɬutˀħalew wugo]/ |
/[ɬutˀħalej jigo]/ |
/[ɬutˀħaleb bugo]/ |
/[ɬutˀħalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ɬutˀħalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ɬutˀħalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ɬutˀħaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ɬutˀħalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
лъутӀхӀана
[ɬutˀħana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
лъутӀхӀачӀо
[ɬutˀħat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
лъутӀхӀала
[ɬutˀħala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
лъутӀхӀаларо
[ɬutˀħalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
лъутӀхӀала
[ɬutˀħala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
лъутӀхӀаларо
[ɬutˀħalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
лъутӀхӀалаан
[ɬutʼħalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
лъутӀхӀалароан
[ɬutʼħalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
лъутӀхӀа
[ɬutˀħa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
лъутӀхӀаге
[ɬutˀħage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
лъутӀхӀаги
[ɬutˀħagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
лъутӀхӀагеги
[ɬutˀħagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
лъутӀхӀазин
[ɬutˀħazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
лъутӀхӀани
[ɬutˀħani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
лъутӀхӀачӀони
[ɬutˀħat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
лъутӀхӀанищ
[ɬutˀħaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
лъутӀхӀачӀищ
[ɬutˀħat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
лъутӀхӀалищ
[ɬutˀħaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
лъутӀхӀаларищ
[ɬutˀħalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
лъутӀхӀалищ
[ɬutˀħaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
лъутӀхӀаларищ
[ɬutˀħalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
лъутӀхӀарав
/[ɬutˀħaraw]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀарай
/[ɬutˀħaraj]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀараб
/[ɬutˀħarab]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀарал
/[ɬutˀħaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
лъутӀхӀачӀев
/[ɬutˀħat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀачӀей
/[ɬutˀħat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀачӀеб
/[ɬutˀħat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀачӀел
/[ɬutˀħat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
лъутӀхӀалев
/[ɬutˀħalew]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀалей
/[ɬutˀħalej]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀалеб
/[ɬutˀħaleb]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀалел
/[ɬutˀħalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
лъутӀхӀаларев
/[ɬutˀħalarew]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀаларей
/[ɬutˀħalarej]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀалареб
/[ɬutˀħalareb]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀаларел
/[ɬutˀħalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
лъутӀхӀалев
/[ɬutˀħalew]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀалей
/[ɬutˀħalej]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀалеб
/[ɬutˀħaleb]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀалел
/[ɬutˀħalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
лъутӀхӀаларев
/[ɬutˀħalarew]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀаларей
/[ɬutˀħalarej]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀалареб
/[ɬutˀħalareb]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀаларел
/[ɬutˀħalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
лъутӀхӀазехъин
[ɬutˀħazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
лъутӀхӀазехъинро
[ɬutˀħazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
лъутӀхӀаяв
/[ɬutˀħajaw]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀаяй
/[ɬutˀħajaj]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀаяб
/[ɬutˀħajab]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀаял
/[ɬutʼħajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
лъутӀхӀарав
0
|
лъутӀхӀарай
0
|
лъутӀхӀараб
0
|
лъутӀхӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
лъутӀхӀарас
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъ
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъ
0
|
лъутӀхӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
лъутӀхӀарасул
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъул
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъул
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
лъутӀхӀарасе
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъе
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъе
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
лъутӀхӀарасда
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъда
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъда
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
лъутӀхӀарасде
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъде
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъде
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
лъутӀхӀарасдаса
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъдаса
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъдаса
0
|
лъутӀхӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
лъутӀхӀарасдасан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъдасан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъдасан
0
|
лъутӀхӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
лъутӀхӀарасухъ
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъухъ
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъухъ
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
лъутӀхӀарасухъе
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъухъе
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъухъе
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
лъутӀхӀарасухъа
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъухъа
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъухъа
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
лъутӀхӀарасухъан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъухъан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъухъан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
лъутӀхӀарасулъ
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъулъ
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъулъ
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
лъутӀхӀарасулъе
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъулъе
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъулъе
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
лъутӀхӀарасулъа
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъулъа
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъулъа
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
лъутӀхӀарасулъан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъулъан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъулъан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
лъутӀхӀарасукь
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъукь
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъукь
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
лъутӀхӀарасукье
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъукье
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъукье
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
лъутӀхӀарасукьа
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъукьа
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъукьа
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
лъутӀхӀарасукьан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъукьан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаралъукьан
0
|
лъутӀхӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
лъутӀхӀан
[ɬutʼħan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
лъутӀхӀан
[ɬutˀħan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
лъутӀхӀачӀого
[ɬutˀħat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
лъутӀхӀалаго
[ɬutˀħalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
лъутӀхӀаларого
[ɬutˀħalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
лъутӀхӀай
[ɬutˀħaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
лъутӀхӀазе
[ɬutˀħaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
лъутӀхӀазавизе
/[ɬutʼħazawize]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀазайизе
/[ɬutʼħazajize]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀазабизе
/[ɬutˀħazabize]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀазаризе
/[ɬutʼħazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
лъутӀхӀазавуларо
/[ɬutʼħazawularo]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀазайуларо
/[ɬutʼħazajularo]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀазабуларо
/[ɬutˀħazabularo]/
0
|
лъутӀхӀазаруларо
/[ɬutʼħazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
лъутӀхӀааризе
[ɬutˀħajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
лъутӀхӀаариларо
[ɬutˀħajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
лъутӀхӀа-лъутӀхӀазе
[ɬutˀħa-ɬutˀħaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
лъутӀхӀа-лъутӀхӀаларо
[ɬutˀħa-ɬutˀħalaro]
0
|
|||