Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ghalkhul-lhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
199764
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʕalχul-ɬulew wugo]/ |
/[ʕalχul-ɬulej jigo]/ |
/[ʕalχul-ɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[ʕalχul-ɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʕalχul-ɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕalχul-ɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕalχul-ɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕalχul-ɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гӀалхул-лъана
[ʕalχul-ɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гӀалхул-лъичӀо
[ʕalχul-ɬit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гӀалхул-лъила
[ʕalχul-ɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гӀалхул-лъиларо
[ʕalχul-ɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гӀалхул-лъула
[ʕalχul-ɬula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гӀалхул-лъуларо
[ʕalχul-ɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гӀалхул-лъулаан
[ʕalχul-ɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гӀалхул-лъулароан
[ʕalχul-ɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гӀалхул-лъе
[ʕalχul-ɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гӀалхул-лъуге
[ʕalχul-ɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гӀалхул-лъеги
[ʕalχul-ɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гӀалхул-лъугеги
[ʕalχul-ɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гӀалхул-лъизин
[ʕalχul-ɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гӀалхул-лъани
[ʕalχul-ɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гӀалхул-лъичӀони
[ʕalχul-ɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀалхул-лъанищ
[ʕalχul-ɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀалхул-лъичӀищ
[ʕalχul-ɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀалхул-лъулищ
[ʕalχul-ɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀалхул-лъуларищ
[ʕalχul-ɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀалхул-лъилищ
[ʕalχul-ɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀалхул-лъиларищ
[ʕalχul-ɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гӀалхул-лъарав
/[ʕalχul-ɬaraw]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъарай
/[ʕalχul-ɬaraj]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъараб
/[ʕalχul-ɬarab]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъарал
/[ʕalχul-ɬaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гӀалхул-лъичӀев
/[ʕalχul-ɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъичӀей
/[ʕalχul-ɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъичӀеб
/[ʕalχul-ɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъичӀел
/[ʕalχul-ɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гӀалхул-лъулев
/[ʕalχul-ɬulew]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъулей
/[ʕalχul-ɬulej]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъулеб
/[ʕalχul-ɬuleb]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъулел
/[ʕalχul-ɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гӀалхул-лъуларев
/[ʕalχul-ɬularew]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъуларей
/[ʕalχul-ɬularej]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъулареб
/[ʕalχul-ɬulareb]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъуларел
/[ʕalχul-ɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гӀалхул-лъилев
/[ʕalχul-ɬilew]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъилей
/[ʕalχul-ɬilej]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъилеб
/[ʕalχul-ɬileb]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъилел
/[ʕalχul-ɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гӀалхул-лъиларев
/[ʕalχul-ɬilarew]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъиларей
/[ʕalχul-ɬilarej]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъилареб
/[ʕalχul-ɬilareb]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъиларел
/[ʕalχul-ɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гӀалхул-лъизехъин
[ʕalχul-ɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гӀалхул-лъизехъинро
[ʕalχul-ɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гӀалхул-лъеяв
/[ʕalχul-ɬejaw]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъеяй
/[ʕalχul-ɬejaj]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъеяб
/[ʕalχul-ɬejab]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъеял
/[ʕalχul-ɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гӀалхул-лъарав
0
|
гӀалхул-лъарай
0
|
гӀалхул-лъараб
0
|
гӀалхул-лъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
гӀалхул-лъарас
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъ
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъ
0
|
гӀалхул-лъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гӀалхул-лъарасул
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъул
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъул
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гӀалхул-лъарасе
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъе
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъе
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гӀалхул-лъарасда
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъда
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъда
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гӀалхул-лъарасде
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъде
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъде
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гӀалхул-лъарасдаса
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъдаса
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъдаса
0
|
гӀалхул-лъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гӀалхул-лъарасдасан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъдасан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъдасан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гӀалхул-лъарасухъ
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъухъ
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъухъ
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гӀалхул-лъарасухъе
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъухъе
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъухъе
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гӀалхул-лъарасухъа
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъухъа
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъухъа
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гӀалхул-лъарасухъан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъухъан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъухъан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гӀалхул-лъарасулъ
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъулъ
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъулъ
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гӀалхул-лъарасулъе
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъулъе
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъулъе
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гӀалхул-лъарасулъа
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъулъа
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъулъа
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гӀалхул-лъарасулъан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъулъан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъулъан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гӀалхул-лъарасукь
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъукь
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъукь
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гӀалхул-лъарасукье
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъукье
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъукье
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гӀалхул-лъарасукьа
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъукьа
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъукьа
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гӀалхул-лъарасукьан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъукьан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаралъукьан
0
|
гӀалхул-лъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гӀалхул-лъун
[ʕalχul-ɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гӀалхул-лъун
[ʕalχul-ɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гӀалхул-лъичӀого
[ʕalχul-ɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гӀалхул-лъулаго
[ʕalχul-ɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гӀалхул-лъуларого
[ʕalχul-ɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гӀалхул-лъи
[ʕalχul-ɬi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гӀалхул-лъизе
[ʕalχul-ɬize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гӀалхул-лъизавизе
/[ʕalχul-ɬizawize]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъизайизе
/[ʕalχul-ɬizajize]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъизабизе
/[ʕalχul-ɬizabize]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъизаризе
/[ʕalχul-ɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гӀалхул-лъизавуларо
/[ʕalχul-ɬizawularo]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъизайуларо
/[ʕalχul-ɬizajularo]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъизабуларо
/[ʕalχul-ɬizabularo]/
0
|
гӀалхул-лъизаруларо
/[ʕalχul-ɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гӀалхул-лъиаризе
[ʕalχul-ɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гӀалхул-лъиариларо
[ʕalχul-ɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гӀалхул-лъ-гӀалхул-лъизе
[ʕalχul-ɬ-ʕalχul-ɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гӀалхул-лъ-гӀалхул-лъиларо
[ʕalχul-ɬ-ʕalχul-ɬilaro]
0
|
|||