Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
освежевать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: chchukʼa-rukʼize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
201103
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀuleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
ччукӀа-рукӀана
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀичӀо
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ччукӀа-рукӀила
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀиларо
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ччукӀа-рукӀула
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀуларо
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ччукӀа-рукӀулаан
[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀулароан
[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ччукӀа-рукӀе
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ччукӀа-рукӀуге
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ччукӀа-рукӀеги
[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ччукӀа-рукӀугеги
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ччукӀа-рукӀизин
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ччукӀа-рукӀани
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀичӀони
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀа-рукӀанищ
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀа-рукӀичӀищ
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀа-рукӀулищ
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀа-рукӀуларищ
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀа-рукӀилищ
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ччукӀа-рукӀиларищ
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ччукӀа-рукӀарав
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀaraw]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀарай
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀaraj]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀараб
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀarab]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀарал
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀичӀев
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀичӀей
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀичӀеб
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀичӀел
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ччукӀа-рукӀулев
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulew]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀулей
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulej]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀулеб
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀuleb]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀулел
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀуларев
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀularew]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀуларей
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀularej]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀулареб
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulareb]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀуларел
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ччукӀа-рукӀилев
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilew]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀилей
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilej]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀилеб
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀileb]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀилел
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀиларев
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilarew]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀиларей
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilarej]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀилареб
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilareb]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀиларел
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ччукӀа-рукӀизехъин
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀизехъинро
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ччукӀа-рукӀеяв
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀejaw]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀеяй
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀejaj]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀеяб
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀejab]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀеял
/[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ччукӀа-рукӀарав
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀарай
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀараб
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
ччукӀа-рукӀарас
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъ
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъ
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасул
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъул
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъул
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасе
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъе
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъе
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасда
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъда
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъда
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасде
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъде
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъде
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасдаса
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъдаса
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъдаса
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасдасан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъдасан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъдасан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасухъ
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъухъ
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъухъ
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасухъе
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъухъе
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъухъе
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасухъа
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъухъа
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъухъа
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасухъан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъухъан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъухъан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасулъ
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъулъ
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъулъ
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасулъе
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъулъе
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъулъе
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасулъа
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъулъа
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъулъа
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасулъан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъулъан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъулъан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасукь
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъукь
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъукь
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасукье
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъукье
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъукье
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасукьа
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъукьа
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъукьа
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ччукӀа-рукӀарасукьан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъукьан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаралъукьан
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ччукӀа-рукӀун
[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ччукӀа-рукӀун
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀичӀого
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ччукӀа-рукӀулаго
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀуларого
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ччукӀа-рукӀи
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ччукӀа-рукӀизе
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
ччукӀа-рукӀизавизе
/[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼizawize]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀизайизе
/[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼizajize]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀизабизе
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀizabize]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀизаризе
/[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀизавуларо
/[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼizawularo]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀизайуларо
/[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼizajularo]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀизабуларо
/[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀizabularo]/
0
|
ччукӀа-рукӀизаруларо
/[t͡ʃːukʼa-rukʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ччукӀа-рукӀиаризе
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀиариларо
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
ччукӀа-рукӀ-ччукӀа-рукӀизе
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀ-t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
ччукӀа-рукӀ-ччукӀа-рукӀиларо
[t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀ-t͡ʃːukˀa-rukˀilaro]
0
|
|||