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Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ghupadize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
202592
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʕupadulew wugo]/ |
/[ʕupadulej jigo]/ |
/[ʕupaduleb bugo]/ |
/[ʕupadulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʕupadulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕupadulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕupaduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʕupadulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гӀупадана
[ʕupadana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гӀупадичӀо
[ʕupadit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гӀупадила
[ʕupadila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гӀупадиларо
[ʕupadilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гӀупадула
[ʕupadula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гӀупадуларо
[ʕupadularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гӀупадулаан
[ʕupadulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гӀупадулароан
[ʕupadularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гӀупаде
[ʕupade]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гӀупадуге
[ʕupaduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гӀупадеги
[ʕupadegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гӀупадугеги
[ʕupadugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гӀупадизин
[ʕupadizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гӀупадани
[ʕupadani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гӀупадичӀони
[ʕupadit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀупаданищ
[ʕupadaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀупадичӀищ
[ʕupadit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀупадулищ
[ʕupaduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀупадуларищ
[ʕupadulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀупадилищ
[ʕupadiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀупадиларищ
[ʕupadilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гӀупадарав
/[ʕupadaraw]/
0
|
гӀупадарай
/[ʕupadaraj]/
0
|
гӀупадараб
/[ʕupadarab]/
0
|
гӀупадарал
/[ʕupadaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гӀупадичӀев
/[ʕupadit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гӀупадичӀей
/[ʕupadit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гӀупадичӀеб
/[ʕupadit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гӀупадичӀел
/[ʕupadit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гӀупадулев
/[ʕupadulew]/
0
|
гӀупадулей
/[ʕupadulej]/
0
|
гӀупадулеб
/[ʕupaduleb]/
0
|
гӀупадулел
/[ʕupadulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гӀупадуларев
/[ʕupadularew]/
0
|
гӀупадуларей
/[ʕupadularej]/
0
|
гӀупадулареб
/[ʕupadulareb]/
0
|
гӀупадуларел
/[ʕupadularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гӀупадилев
/[ʕupadilew]/
0
|
гӀупадилей
/[ʕupadilej]/
0
|
гӀупадилеб
/[ʕupadileb]/
0
|
гӀупадилел
/[ʕupadilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гӀупадиларев
/[ʕupadilarew]/
0
|
гӀупадиларей
/[ʕupadilarej]/
0
|
гӀупадилареб
/[ʕupadilareb]/
0
|
гӀупадиларел
/[ʕupadilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гӀупадизехъин
[ʕupadizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гӀупадизехъинро
[ʕupadizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гӀупадеяв
/[ʕupadejaw]/
0
|
гӀупадеяй
/[ʕupadejaj]/
0
|
гӀупадеяб
/[ʕupadejab]/
0
|
гӀупадеял
/[ʕupadejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гӀупадарав
0
|
гӀупадарай
0
|
гӀупадараб
0
|
гӀупадарал
0
|
| Ergative |
гӀупадарас
0
|
гӀупадаралъ
0
|
гӀупадаралъ
0
|
гӀупадараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гӀупадарасул
0
|
гӀупадаралъул
0
|
гӀупадаралъул
0
|
гӀупадаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гӀупадарасе
0
|
гӀупадаралъе
0
|
гӀупадаралъе
0
|
гӀупадаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гӀупадарасда
0
|
гӀупадаралъда
0
|
гӀупадаралъда
0
|
гӀупадаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гӀупадарасде
0
|
гӀупадаралъде
0
|
гӀупадаралъде
0
|
гӀупадаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гӀупадарасдаса
0
|
гӀупадаралъдаса
0
|
гӀупадаралъдаса
0
|
гӀупадараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гӀупадарасдасан
0
|
гӀупадаралъдасан
0
|
гӀупадаралъдасан
0
|
гӀупадараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гӀупадарасухъ
0
|
гӀупадаралъухъ
0
|
гӀупадаралъухъ
0
|
гӀупадаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гӀупадарасухъе
0
|
гӀупадаралъухъе
0
|
гӀупадаралъухъе
0
|
гӀупадаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гӀупадарасухъа
0
|
гӀупадаралъухъа
0
|
гӀупадаралъухъа
0
|
гӀупадаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гӀупадарасухъан
0
|
гӀупадаралъухъан
0
|
гӀупадаралъухъан
0
|
гӀупадаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гӀупадарасулъ
0
|
гӀупадаралъулъ
0
|
гӀупадаралъулъ
0
|
гӀупадаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гӀупадарасулъе
0
|
гӀупадаралъулъе
0
|
гӀупадаралъулъе
0
|
гӀупадаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гӀупадарасулъа
0
|
гӀупадаралъулъа
0
|
гӀупадаралъулъа
0
|
гӀупадаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гӀупадарасулъан
0
|
гӀупадаралъулъан
0
|
гӀупадаралъулъан
0
|
гӀупадаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гӀупадарасукь
0
|
гӀупадаралъукь
0
|
гӀупадаралъукь
0
|
гӀупадаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гӀупадарасукье
0
|
гӀупадаралъукье
0
|
гӀупадаралъукье
0
|
гӀупадаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гӀупадарасукьа
0
|
гӀупадаралъукьа
0
|
гӀупадаралъукьа
0
|
гӀупадаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гӀупадарасукьан
0
|
гӀупадаралъукьан
0
|
гӀупадаралъукьан
0
|
гӀупадаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гӀупадун
[ʕupadun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гӀупадун
[ʕupadun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гӀупадичӀого
[ʕupadit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гӀупадулаго
[ʕupadulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гӀупадуларого
[ʕupadularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гӀупади
[ʕupadi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гӀупадизе
[ʕupadize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гӀупадизавизе
/[ʕupadizawize]/
0
|
гӀупадизайизе
/[ʕupadizajize]/
0
|
гӀупадизабизе
/[ʕupadizabize]/
0
|
гӀупадизаризе
/[ʕupadizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гӀупадизавуларо
/[ʕupadizawularo]/
0
|
гӀупадизайуларо
/[ʕupadizajularo]/
0
|
гӀупадизабуларо
/[ʕupadizabularo]/
0
|
гӀупадизаруларо
/[ʕupadizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гӀупадиаризе
[ʕupadijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гӀупадиариларо
[ʕupadijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гӀупад-гӀупадизе
[ʕupad-ʕupadize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гӀупад-гӀупадиларо
[ʕupad-ʕupadilaro]
0
|
|||