Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
перевалить
повалить
повергнуть
привалить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ch'vazabize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
203752
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
18
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼwazawulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwazajulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀwazabuleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwazarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼwazawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwazajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀwazabuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwazarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
чӀвазавуна
/[t͡ʃʼwazawuna]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазайуна
/[t͡ʃʼwazajuna]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазабуна
/[t͡ʃˀwazabuna]/
🔒
6
|
чӀвазаруна
/[t͡ʃʼwazaruna]/
🔒
4
|
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀвазавичӀо
/[t͡ʃʼwazawit͡ʃʼo]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазайичӀо
/[t͡ʃʼwazajit͡ʃʼo]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазабичӀо
/[t͡ʃˀwazabit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазаричӀо
/[t͡ʃʼwazarit͡ʃʼo]/
🔒
0
|
| Future Simple |
чӀвазавила
/[t͡ʃʼwazawila]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазайила
/[t͡ʃʼwazajila]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазабила
/[t͡ʃˀwazabila]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазарила
/[t͡ʃʼwazarila]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀвазавиларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazawilaro]/
0
|
чӀвазайиларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazajilaro]/
0
|
чӀвазабиларо
/[t͡ʃˀwazabilaro]/
0
|
чӀвазариларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
чӀвазавула
/[t͡ʃʼwazawula]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазайула
/[t͡ʃʼwazajula]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазабула
/[t͡ʃˀwazabula]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазарула
/[t͡ʃʼwazarula]/
🔒
1
|
| Constative Negative |
чӀвазавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazawularo]/
0
|
чӀвазайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazajularo]/
0
|
чӀвазабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀwazabularo]/
0
|
чӀвазаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀвазавулаан
/[t͡ʃʼwazawulajan]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазайулаан
/[t͡ʃʼwazajulajan]/
0
|
чӀвазабулаан
/[t͡ʃʼwazabulajan]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазарулаан
/[t͡ʃʼwazarulajan]/
🔒
2
|
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀвазабулароан
/[t͡ʃʼwazabularojan]/
0
|
чӀвазабулароан
/[t͡ʃʼwazabularojan]/
0
|
чӀвазабулароан
/[t͡ʃʼwazabularojan]/
0
|
чӀвазарулароан
/[t͡ʃʼwazarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀвазаве
/[t͡ʃʼwazawe]/
0
|
чӀвазайе
/[t͡ʃʼwazaje]/
0
|
чӀвазабе
/[t͡ʃˀwazabe]/
0
|
чӀвазаре
/[t͡ʃʼwazare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀвазавуге
/[t͡ʃʼwazawuge]/
0
|
чӀвазайуге
/[t͡ʃʼwazajuge]/
0
|
чӀвазабуге
/[t͡ʃˀwazabuge]/
0
|
чӀвазаруге
/[t͡ʃʼwazaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
чӀвазабеги
/[t͡ʃʼwazawegi]/
0
|
чӀвазабеги
/[t͡ʃʼwazajegi]/
0
|
чӀвазабеги
/[t͡ʃʼwazabegi]/
0
|
чӀвазареги
/[t͡ʃʼwazaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀвазабугеги
/[t͡ʃˀwazabugegi]/
0
|
чӀвазабугеги
/[t͡ʃˀwazabugegi]/
0
|
чӀвазабугеги
/[t͡ʃˀwazabugegi]/
0
|
чӀвазаругеги
/[t͡ʃʼwazarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
чӀвазавизин
/[t͡ʃʼwazawizin]/
0
|
чӀвазайизин
/[t͡ʃʼwazajizin]/
0
|
чӀвазабизин
/[t͡ʃˀwazabizin]/
0
|
чӀвазаризин
/[t͡ʃʼwazarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀвазавуни
/[t͡ʃʼwazawuni]/
0
|
чӀвазайуни
/[t͡ʃʼwazajuni]/
0
|
чӀвазабуни
/[t͡ʃˀwazabuni]/
0
|
чӀвазаруни
/[t͡ʃʼwazaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
чӀвазабичӀони
/[t͡ʃˀwazabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
чӀвазабичӀони
/[t͡ʃˀwazabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
чӀвазабичӀони
/[t͡ʃˀwazabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
чӀвазаричӀони
/[t͡ʃʼwazarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀвазавунищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazawuniʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазайунищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazajuniʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазабунищ
/[t͡ʃˀwazabuniʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазарунищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀвазавичӀищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазайичӀищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазабичӀищ
/[t͡ʃˀwazabit͡ʃˀiʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазаричӀищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀвазавулищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazawuliʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазайулищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazajuliʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазабулищ
/[t͡ʃˀwazabuliʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазарулищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀвазавуларищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazawulariʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазайуларищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazajulariʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазабуларищ
/[t͡ʃˀwazabulariʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазаруларищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀвазавилищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazawiliʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазайилищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazajiliʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазабилищ
/[t͡ʃˀwazabiliʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазарилищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀвазавиларищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazawilariʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазайиларищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazajilariʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазабиларищ
/[t͡ʃˀwazabilariʃː]/
0
|
чӀвазариларищ
/[t͡ʃʼwazarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀвазавурав
/[t͡ʃʼwazawuraw]/
0
|
чӀвазайурай
/[t͡ʃʼwazajuraj]/
0
|
чӀвазабураб
/[t͡ʃˀwazaburab]/
🔒
6
|
чӀвазарурал
/[t͡ʃʼwazarural]/
🔒
8
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀвазавичӀев
/[t͡ʃʼwazawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
чӀвазайичӀей
/[t͡ʃʼwazajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
чӀвазабичӀеб
/[t͡ʃˀwazabit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазаричӀел
/[t͡ʃʼwazarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀвазавулев
/[t͡ʃʼwazawulew]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазайулей
/[t͡ʃʼwazajulej]/
0
|
чӀвазабулеб
/[t͡ʃˀwazabuleb]/
🔒
15
|
чӀвазарулел
/[t͡ʃʼwazarulel]/
🔒
10
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀвазавуларев
/[t͡ʃʼwazawularew]/
0
|
чӀвазайуларей
/[t͡ʃʼwazajularej]/
0
|
чӀвазабулареб
/[t͡ʃˀwazabulareb]/
0
|
чӀвазаруларел
/[t͡ʃʼwazarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀвазавилев
/[t͡ʃʼwazawilew]/
0
|
чӀвазайилей
/[t͡ʃʼwazajilej]/
0
|
чӀвазабилеб
/[t͡ʃˀwazabileb]/
🔒
3
|
чӀвазарилел
/[t͡ʃʼwazarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀвазавиларев
/[t͡ʃʼwazawilarew]/
0
|
чӀвазайиларей
/[t͡ʃʼwazajilarej]/
0
|
чӀвазабилареб
/[t͡ʃˀwazabilareb]/
0
|
чӀвазариларел
/[t͡ʃʼwazarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀвазавизехъин
/[t͡ʃʼwazawizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазайизехъин
/[t͡ʃʼwazajizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
чӀвазабизехъин
/[t͡ʃˀwazabizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
чӀвазаризехъин
/[t͡ʃʼwazarizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀвазавизехъинро
/[t͡ʃʼwazawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
чӀвазайизехъинро
/[t͡ʃʼwazajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
чӀвазабизехъинро
/[t͡ʃˀwazabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
чӀвазаризехъинро
/[t͡ʃʼwazarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
чӀвазавеяв
/[t͡ʃʼwazawejaw]/
0
|
чӀвазайеяй
/[t͡ʃʼwazajejaj]/
0
|
чӀвазабеяб
/[t͡ʃˀwazabejab]/
0
|
чӀвазареял
/[t͡ʃʼwazarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀвазавурав
0
|
чӀвазайурай
0
|
чӀвазабураб
6
|
чӀвазарурал
8
|
| Ergative |
чӀвазавурас
0
|
чӀвазайуралъ
0
|
чӀвазабуралъ
0
|
чӀвазарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀвазавурасул
0
|
чӀвазайуралъул
0
|
чӀвазабуралъул
0
|
чӀвазаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀвазавурасе
0
|
чӀвазайуралъе
0
|
чӀвазабуралъе
0
|
чӀвазаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀвазавурасда
0
|
чӀвазайуралъда
0
|
чӀвазабуралъда
0
|
чӀвазаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀвазавурасде
0
|
чӀвазайуралъде
0
|
чӀвазабуралъде
0
|
чӀвазаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀвазавурасдаса
0
|
чӀвазайуралъдаса
0
|
чӀвазабуралъдаса
0
|
чӀвазарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀвазавурасдасан
0
|
чӀвазайуралъдасан
0
|
чӀвазабуралъдасан
0
|
чӀвазарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀвазавурасухъ
0
|
чӀвазайуралъухъ
0
|
чӀвазабуралъухъ
0
|
чӀвазаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀвазавурасухъе
0
|
чӀвазайуралъухъе
0
|
чӀвазабуралъухъе
0
|
чӀвазаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀвазавурасухъа
0
|
чӀвазайуралъухъа
0
|
чӀвазабуралъухъа
0
|
чӀвазаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀвазавурасухъан
0
|
чӀвазайуралъухъан
0
|
чӀвазабуралъухъан
0
|
чӀвазаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀвазавурасулъ
0
|
чӀвазайуралъулъ
0
|
чӀвазабуралъулъ
0
|
чӀвазаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀвазавурасулъе
0
|
чӀвазайуралъулъе
0
|
чӀвазабуралъулъе
0
|
чӀвазаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀвазавурасулъа
0
|
чӀвазайуралъулъа
0
|
чӀвазабуралъулъа
0
|
чӀвазаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀвазавурасулъан
0
|
чӀвазайуралъулъан
0
|
чӀвазабуралъулъан
0
|
чӀвазаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀвазавурасукь
0
|
чӀвазайуралъукь
0
|
чӀвазабуралъукь
0
|
чӀвазаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀвазавурасукье
0
|
чӀвазайуралъукье
0
|
чӀвазабуралъукье
0
|
чӀвазаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀвазавурасукьа
0
|
чӀвазайуралъукьа
0
|
чӀвазабуралъукьа
0
|
чӀвазаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀвазавурасукьан
0
|
чӀвазайуралъукьан
0
|
чӀвазабуралъукьан
0
|
чӀвазаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀвазавун
/[t͡ʃʼwazawun]/
🔒
2
|
чӀвазайун
/[t͡ʃʼwazajun]/
0
|
чӀвазабун
/[t͡ʃʼwazabun]/
🔒
9
|
чӀвазарун
/[t͡ʃʼwazarun]/
🔒
5
|
| Adverbial Past |
чӀвазавун
/[t͡ʃʼwazawun]/
🔒
2
|
чӀвазайун
/[t͡ʃʼwazajun]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазабун
/[t͡ʃˀwazabun]/
🔒
9
|
чӀвазарун
/[t͡ʃʼwazarun]/
🔒
5
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀвазабичӀого
/[t͡ʃˀwazabit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазабичӀого
/[t͡ʃˀwazabit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазабичӀого
/[t͡ʃˀwazabit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазаричӀого
/[t͡ʃʼwazarit͡ʃʼogo]/
🔒
0
|
| Adverbial General |
чӀвазавулаго
/[t͡ʃʼwazawulago]/
0
|
чӀвазайулаго
/[t͡ʃʼwazajulago]/
0
|
чӀвазабулаго
/[t͡ʃˀwazabulago]/
0
|
чӀвазарулаго
/[t͡ʃʼwazarulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀвазабуларого
/[t͡ʃˀwazabularogo]/
0
|
чӀвазабуларого
/[t͡ʃˀwazabularogo]/
0
|
чӀвазабуларого
/[t͡ʃˀwazabularogo]/
0
|
чӀвазаруларого
/[t͡ʃʼwazarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀвазави
/[t͡ʃʼwazawi]/
🔒
1
|
чӀвазайи
/[t͡ʃʼwazaji]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазаби
/[t͡ʃˀwazabi]/
🔒
5
|
чӀвазари
/[t͡ʃʼwazari]/
🔒
8
|
| Infinitive |
чӀвазавизе
/[t͡ʃʼwazawize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазайизе
/[t͡ʃʼwazajize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀвазабизе
/[t͡ʃˀwazabize]/
🔒
18
|
чӀвазаризе
/[t͡ʃʼwazarize]/
🔒
8
|
| Causative |
чӀвазабизабизе
[t͡ʃˀwazabizabize]
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
чӀвазабизабуларо
[t͡ʃˀwazabizabularo]
0
|
|||
| Durative |
чӀвазавиаризе
/[t͡ʃʼwazawijarize]/
0
|
чӀвазайиаризе
/[t͡ʃʼwazajijarize]/
0
|
чӀвазабиаризе
/[t͡ʃˀwazabijarize]/
0
|
чӀвазариаризе
/[t͡ʃʼwazarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
чӀвазавиариларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazawijarilaro]/
0
|
чӀвазайиариларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazajijarilaro]/
0
|
чӀвазабиариларо
/[t͡ʃˀwazabijarilaro]/
0
|
чӀвазариариларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
чӀвазаб-чӀвазавизе
/[t͡ʃʼwazab-t͡ʃʼwazawize]/
0
|
чӀвазаб-чӀвазайизе
/[t͡ʃʼwazab-t͡ʃʼwazajize]/
0
|
чӀвазаб-чӀвазабизе
/[t͡ʃˀwazab-t͡ʃˀwazabize]/
0
|
чӀвазаб-чӀвазаризе
/[t͡ʃʼwazab-t͡ʃʼwazarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀвазаб-чӀвазавиларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazab-t͡ʃʼwazawilaro]/
0
|
чӀвазаб-чӀвазайиларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazab-t͡ʃʼwazajilaro]/
0
|
чӀвазаб-чӀвазабиларо
/[t͡ʃˀwazab-t͡ʃˀwazabilaro]/
0
|
чӀвазаб-чӀвазариларо
/[t͡ʃʼwazab-t͡ʃʼwazarilaro]/
0
|