Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ch'vanine
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
203757
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
чӀванана
[t͡ʃˀwanana]
0
|
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| Past Simple Negative |
чӀванинчӀо
[t͡ʃˀwanint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀванина
[t͡ʃˀwanina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀванинаро
[t͡ʃˀwaninaro]
0
|
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| Constative |
чӀвануна
[t͡ʃˀwanuna]
0
|
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| Constative Negative |
чӀванунаро
[t͡ʃˀwanunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Remote Past |
чӀванунаан
[t͡ʃʼwanunajan]
0
|
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| Remote Past Negative |
чӀванунароан
[t͡ʃʼwanunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀвана
[t͡ʃˀwana]
🔒
472
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀванунге
[t͡ʃˀwanunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀванаги
[t͡ʃˀwanagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀванунгеги
[t͡ʃˀwanungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀванинин
[t͡ʃʼwaninin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
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| Conditional |
чӀванани
[t͡ʃˀwanani]
🔒
5
|
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| Conditional Negative |
чӀванинчӀони
[t͡ʃˀwanint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀвананищ
[t͡ʃˀwananiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀванинчӀищ
[t͡ʃˀwanint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀванунищ
[t͡ʃˀwanuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀванунарищ
[t͡ʃˀwanunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀванинищ
[t͡ʃˀwaniniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀванинарищ
[t͡ʃˀwaninariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀванарав
/[t͡ʃʼwanaraw]/
0
|
чӀванарай
/[t͡ʃʼwanaraj]/
0
|
чӀванараб
/[t͡ʃʼwanarab]/
0
|
чӀванарал
/[t͡ʃʼwanaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀванинчӀев
/[t͡ʃʼwanint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
чӀванинчӀей
/[t͡ʃʼwanint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
чӀванинчӀеб
/[t͡ʃʼwanint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
чӀванинчӀел
/[t͡ʃʼwanint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀванунев
/[t͡ʃʼwanunew]/
0
|
чӀвануней
/[t͡ʃʼwanunej]/
0
|
чӀванунеб
/[t͡ʃʼwanuneb]/
0
|
чӀванунел
/[t͡ʃʼwanunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀванунарев
/[t͡ʃʼwanunarew]/
0
|
чӀванунарей
/[t͡ʃʼwanunarej]/
0
|
чӀванунареб
/[t͡ʃʼwanunareb]/
0
|
чӀванунарел
/[t͡ʃʼwanunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀванинев
/[t͡ʃʼwaninew]/
0
|
чӀваниней
/[t͡ʃʼwaninej]/
0
|
чӀванинеб
/[t͡ʃʼwanineb]/
0
|
чӀванинел
/[t͡ʃʼwaninel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀванинарев
/[t͡ʃʼwaninarew]/
0
|
чӀванинарей
/[t͡ʃʼwaninarej]/
0
|
чӀванинареб
/[t͡ʃʼwaninareb]/
0
|
чӀванинарел
/[t͡ʃʼwaninarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀванинехъин
[t͡ʃʼwanineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀванинехъинро
[t͡ʃʼwanineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀванаяв
/[t͡ʃˀwanajaw]/
0
|
чӀванаяй
/[t͡ʃˀwanajaj]/
0
|
чӀванаяб
/[t͡ʃˀwanajab]/
0
|
чӀванаял
/[t͡ʃʼwanajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀванарав
0
|
чӀванарай
0
|
чӀванараб
0
|
чӀванарал
0
|
| Ergative |
чӀванарас
0
|
чӀванаралъ
0
|
чӀванаралъ
0
|
чӀванараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀванарасул
0
|
чӀванаралъул
0
|
чӀванаралъул
0
|
чӀванаразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀванарасе
0
|
чӀванаралъе
0
|
чӀванаралъе
0
|
чӀванаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀванарасда
0
|
чӀванаралъда
0
|
чӀванаралъда
0
|
чӀванаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀванарасде
0
|
чӀванаралъде
0
|
чӀванаралъде
0
|
чӀванаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀванарасдаса
0
|
чӀванаралъдаса
0
|
чӀванаралъдаса
0
|
чӀванараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀванарасдасан
0
|
чӀванаралъдасан
0
|
чӀванаралъдасан
0
|
чӀванараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀванарасухъ
0
|
чӀванаралъухъ
0
|
чӀванаралъухъ
0
|
чӀванаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀванарасухъе
0
|
чӀванаралъухъе
0
|
чӀванаралъухъе
0
|
чӀванаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀванарасухъа
0
|
чӀванаралъухъа
0
|
чӀванаралъухъа
0
|
чӀванаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀванарасухъан
0
|
чӀванаралъухъан
0
|
чӀванаралъухъан
0
|
чӀванаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀванарасулъ
0
|
чӀванаралъулъ
0
|
чӀванаралъулъ
0
|
чӀванаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀванарасулъе
0
|
чӀванаралъулъе
0
|
чӀванаралъулъе
0
|
чӀванаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀванарасулъа
0
|
чӀванаралъулъа
0
|
чӀванаралъулъа
0
|
чӀванаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀванарасулъан
0
|
чӀванаралъулъан
0
|
чӀванаралъулъан
0
|
чӀванаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀванарасукь
0
|
чӀванаралъукь
0
|
чӀванаралъукь
0
|
чӀванаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀванарасукье
0
|
чӀванаралъукье
0
|
чӀванаралъукье
0
|
чӀванаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀванарасукьа
0
|
чӀванаралъукьа
0
|
чӀванаралъукьа
0
|
чӀванаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀванарасукьан
0
|
чӀванаралъукьан
0
|
чӀванаралъукьан
0
|
чӀванаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀванун
[t͡ʃʼwanun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀванун
[t͡ʃʼwanun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀванинчӀого
[t͡ʃˀwanint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀванунаго
[t͡ʃʼwanunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀванунарого
[t͡ʃˀwanunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀванин
[t͡ʃˀwanin]
🔒
56
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀванине
[t͡ʃˀwanine]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀванинавизе
/[t͡ʃʼwaninawize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀванинайизе
/[t͡ʃʼwaninajize]/
0
|
чӀванинабизе
/[t͡ʃʼwaninabize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀванинаризе
/[t͡ʃʼwaninarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀванинавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼwaninawularo]/
0
|
чӀванинайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼwaninajularo]/
0
|
чӀванинабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀwaninabularo]/
0
|
чӀванинаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼwaninarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀвананхъизе
[t͡ʃʼwananq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀвананхъиларо
[t͡ʃˀwananq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀван-чӀванине
[t͡ʃˀwan-t͡ʃˀwanine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀван-чӀванинаро
[t͡ʃˀwan-t͡ʃˀwaninaro]
0
|
|||