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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'akkine
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-ккин
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
203877
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
цӀаккана
[t͡sˀakːana]
0
|
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| Past Simple Negative |
цӀаккинчӀо
[t͡sˀakːint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀаккина
[t͡sˀakːina]
0
|
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| Future Simple Negative |
цӀаккинаро
[t͡sˀakːinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀаккуна
[t͡sˀakːuna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀаккунаро
[t͡sˀakːunaro]
0
|
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|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀаккунаан
[t͡sʼakːunajan]
0
|
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| Remote Past Negative |
цӀаккунароан
[t͡sʼakːunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀакка
[t͡sˀakːa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
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| Prohibitive |
цӀаккунге
[t͡sˀakːunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀаккаги
[t͡sˀakːagi]
0
|
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| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀаккунгеги
[t͡sˀakːungegi]
0
|
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| Hortative |
цӀаккинин
[t͡sʼakːinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
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| Conditional |
цӀаккани
[t͡sˀakːani]
0
|
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| Conditional Negative |
цӀаккинчӀони
[t͡sˀakːint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀакканищ
[t͡sˀakːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккинчӀищ
[t͡sˀakːint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккунищ
[t͡sˀakːuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккунарищ
[t͡sˀakːunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккинищ
[t͡sˀakːiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккинарищ
[t͡sˀakːinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀаккарав
/[t͡sʼakːaraw]/
0
|
цӀаккарай
/[t͡sʼakːaraj]/
0
|
цӀаккараб
/[t͡sˀakːarab]/
🔒
1
|
цӀаккарал
/[t͡sʼakːaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀаккинчӀев
/[t͡sʼakːint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
цӀаккинчӀей
/[t͡sʼakːint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
цӀаккинчӀеб
/[t͡sʼakːint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
цӀаккинчӀел
/[t͡sʼakːint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀаккунев
/[t͡sʼakːunew]/
0
|
цӀаккуней
/[t͡sʼakːunej]/
0
|
цӀаккунеб
/[t͡sʼakːuneb]/
0
|
цӀаккунел
/[t͡sʼakːunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀаккунарев
/[t͡sʼakːunarew]/
0
|
цӀаккунарей
/[t͡sʼakːunarej]/
0
|
цӀаккунареб
/[t͡sʼakːunareb]/
0
|
цӀаккунарел
/[t͡sʼakːunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀаккинев
/[t͡sʼakːinew]/
0
|
цӀаккиней
/[t͡sʼakːinej]/
0
|
цӀаккинеб
/[t͡sʼakːineb]/
0
|
цӀаккинел
/[t͡sʼakːinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀаккинарев
/[t͡sʼakːinarew]/
0
|
цӀаккинарей
/[t͡sʼakːinarej]/
0
|
цӀаккинареб
/[t͡sʼakːinareb]/
0
|
цӀаккинарел
/[t͡sʼakːinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀаккинехъин
[t͡sʼakːineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀаккинехъинро
[t͡sʼakːineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀаккаяв
/[t͡sˀakːajaw]/
0
|
цӀаккаяй
/[t͡sˀakːajaj]/
0
|
цӀаккаяб
/[t͡sˀakːajab]/
0
|
цӀаккаял
/[t͡sʼakːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀаккарав
0
|
цӀаккарай
0
|
цӀаккараб
1
|
цӀаккарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀаккарас
0
|
цӀаккаралъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъ
0
|
цӀаккараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀаккарасул
0
|
цӀаккаралъул
0
|
цӀаккаралъул
0
|
цӀаккаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀаккарасе
0
|
цӀаккаралъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъе
0
|
цӀаккаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀаккарасда
0
|
цӀаккаралъда
0
|
цӀаккаралъда
0
|
цӀаккаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀаккарасде
0
|
цӀаккаралъде
0
|
цӀаккаралъде
0
|
цӀаккаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀаккарасдаса
0
|
цӀаккаралъдаса
0
|
цӀаккаралъдаса
0
|
цӀаккараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀаккарасдасан
0
|
цӀаккаралъдасан
0
|
цӀаккаралъдасан
0
|
цӀаккараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀаккарасухъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъ
0
|
цӀаккаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀаккарасухъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаккаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀаккарасухъа
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаккаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀаккарасухъан
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаккаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀаккарасулъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъ
0
|
цӀаккаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀаккарасулъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаккаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀаккарасулъа
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаккаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀаккарасулъан
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаккаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀаккарасукь
0
|
цӀаккаралъукь
0
|
цӀаккаралъукь
0
|
цӀаккаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀаккарасукье
0
|
цӀаккаралъукье
0
|
цӀаккаралъукье
0
|
цӀаккаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀаккарасукьа
0
|
цӀаккаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаккаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаккаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀаккарасукьан
0
|
цӀаккаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаккаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаккаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀаккун
[t͡sʼakːun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀаккун
[t͡sʼakːun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀаккинчӀого
[t͡sˀakːint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀаккунаго
[t͡sʼakːunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀаккунарого
[t͡sˀakːunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀаккин
[t͡sʼakːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀаккине
[t͡sˀakːine]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀаккинавизе
/[t͡sʼakːinawize]/
🔒
0
|
цӀаккинайизе
/[t͡sʼakːinajize]/
0
|
цӀаккинабизе
/[t͡sʼakːinabize]/
🔒
0
|
цӀаккинаризе
/[t͡sʼakːinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀаккинавуларо
/[t͡sʼakːinawularo]/
0
|
цӀаккинайуларо
/[t͡sʼakːinajularo]/
0
|
цӀаккинабуларо
/[t͡sˀakːinabularo]/
0
|
цӀаккинаруларо
/[t͡sʼakːinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀакканхъизе
[t͡sʼakːanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀакканхъиларо
[t͡sˀakːanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀакк-цӀаккине
[t͡sˀakː-t͡sˀakːine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀакк-цӀаккинаро
[t͡sˀakː-t͡sˀakːinaro]
0
|
|||