Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
обращать, обратить взор, (по)смотреть, (по)глядеть, взглянуть; обращать, обратить внимание
English
to turn one's gaze, to look, to pay attention
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: bertʼamize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
205781
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[bertʼamulew wugo]/ |
/[bertʼamulej jigo]/ |
/[bertʼamuleb bugo]/ |
/[bertʼamulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[bertʼamulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bertʼamulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bertʼamuleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bertʼamulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
бертӀамана
[bertʼamana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
бертӀамичӀо
[bertʼamit͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
бертӀамила
[bertʼamila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
бертӀамиларо
[bertʼamilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
бертӀамула
[bertˀamula]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
бертӀамуларо
[bertʼamularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
бертӀамулаан
[bertʼamulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
бертӀамулароан
[bertʼamularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
бертӀаме
[bertˀame]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
бертӀамуге
[bertʼamuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
бертӀамеги
[bertʼamegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
бертӀамугеги
[bertʼamugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
бертӀамизин
[bertʼamizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
бертӀамани
[bertʼamani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
бертӀамичӀони
[bertʼamit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
бертӀаманищ
[bertʼamaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бертӀамичӀищ
[bertʼamit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
бертӀамулищ
[bertʼamuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
бертӀамуларищ
[bertʼamulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
бертӀамилищ
[bertʼamiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бертӀамиларищ
[bertʼamilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
бертӀамарав
/[bertʼamaraw]/
0
|
бертӀамарай
/[bertʼamaraj]/
0
|
бертӀамараб
/[bertʼamarab]/
0
|
бертӀамарал
/[bertʼamaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
бертӀамичӀев
/[bertʼamit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
бертӀамичӀей
/[bertʼamit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бертӀамичӀеб
/[bertʼamit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
бертӀамичӀел
/[bertʼamit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
бертӀамулев
/[bertʼamulew]/
0
|
бертӀамулей
/[bertʼamulej]/
0
|
бертӀамулеб
/[bertʼamuleb]/
0
|
бертӀамулел
/[bertʼamulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
бертӀамуларев
/[bertʼamularew]/
0
|
бертӀамуларей
/[bertʼamularej]/
0
|
бертӀамулареб
/[bertʼamulareb]/
0
|
бертӀамуларел
/[bertʼamularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
бертӀамилев
/[bertʼamilew]/
0
|
бертӀамилей
/[bertʼamilej]/
0
|
бертӀамилеб
/[bertʼamileb]/
0
|
бертӀамилел
/[bertʼamilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
бертӀамиларев
/[bertʼamilarew]/
0
|
бертӀамиларей
/[bertʼamilarej]/
0
|
бертӀамилареб
/[bertʼamilareb]/
0
|
бертӀамиларел
/[bertʼamilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
бертӀамизехъин
[bertʼamizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
бертӀамизехъинро
[bertʼamizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
бертӀамеяв
/[bertʼamejaw]/
0
|
бертӀамеяй
/[bertʼamejaj]/
0
|
бертӀамеяб
/[bertʼamejab]/
0
|
бертӀамеял
/[bertʼamejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
бертӀамарав
0
|
бертӀамарай
0
|
бертӀамараб
0
|
бертӀамарал
0
|
| Ergative |
бертӀамарас
0
|
бертӀамаралъ
0
|
бертӀамаралъ
0
|
бертӀамараз
0
|
| Genitive |
бертӀамарасул
0
|
бертӀамаралъул
0
|
бертӀамаралъул
0
|
бертӀамаразул
0
|
| Dative |
бертӀамарасе
0
|
бертӀамаралъе
0
|
бертӀамаралъе
0
|
бертӀамаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
бертӀамарасда
0
|
бертӀамаралъда
0
|
бертӀамаралъда
0
|
бертӀамаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
бертӀамарасде
0
|
бертӀамаралъде
0
|
бертӀамаралъде
0
|
бертӀамаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
бертӀамарасдаса
0
|
бертӀамаралъдаса
0
|
бертӀамаралъдаса
0
|
бертӀамараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
бертӀамарасдасан
0
|
бертӀамаралъдасан
0
|
бертӀамаралъдасан
0
|
бертӀамараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
бертӀамарасухъ
0
|
бертӀамаралъухъ
0
|
бертӀамаралъухъ
0
|
бертӀамаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
бертӀамарасухъе
0
|
бертӀамаралъухъе
0
|
бертӀамаралъухъе
0
|
бертӀамаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
бертӀамарасухъа
0
|
бертӀамаралъухъа
0
|
бертӀамаралъухъа
0
|
бертӀамаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
бертӀамарасухъан
0
|
бертӀамаралъухъан
0
|
бертӀамаралъухъан
0
|
бертӀамаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
бертӀамарасулъ
0
|
бертӀамаралъулъ
0
|
бертӀамаралъулъ
0
|
бертӀамаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
бертӀамарасулъе
0
|
бертӀамаралъулъе
0
|
бертӀамаралъулъе
0
|
бертӀамаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
бертӀамарасулъа
0
|
бертӀамаралъулъа
0
|
бертӀамаралъулъа
0
|
бертӀамаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
бертӀамарасулъан
0
|
бертӀамаралъулъан
0
|
бертӀамаралъулъан
0
|
бертӀамаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
бертӀамарасукь
0
|
бертӀамаралъукь
0
|
бертӀамаралъукь
0
|
бертӀамаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
бертӀамарасукье
0
|
бертӀамаралъукье
0
|
бертӀамаралъукье
0
|
бертӀамаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
бертӀамарасукьа
0
|
бертӀамаралъукьа
0
|
бертӀамаралъукьа
0
|
бертӀамаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
бертӀамарасукьан
0
|
бертӀамаралъукьан
0
|
бертӀамаралъукьан
0
|
бертӀамаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
бертӀамун
[bertʼamun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
бертӀамун
[bertʼamun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
бертӀамичӀого
[bertʼamit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
бертӀамулаго
[bertʼamulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
бертӀамуларого
[bertʼamularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
бертӀами
[bertʼami]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
бертӀамизе
[bertʼamize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
бертӀамизавизе
/[bertʼamizawize]/
0
|
бертӀамизайизе
/[bertʼamizajize]/
0
|
бертӀамизабизе
/[bertʼamizabize]/
0
|
бертӀамизаризе
/[bertʼamizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
бертӀамизавуларо
/[bertʼamizawularo]/
0
|
бертӀамизайуларо
/[bertʼamizajularo]/
0
|
бертӀамизабуларо
/[bertʼamizabularo]/
0
|
бертӀамизаруларо
/[bertʼamizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
бертӀамиаризе
[bertʼamijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
бертӀамиариларо
[bertʼamijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
бертӀам-бертӀамизе
[bertʼam-bertʼamize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
бертӀам-бертӀамиларо
[bertʼam-bertʼamilaro]
0
|
|||