Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: chvaze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
206203
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
4
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
чвана
[t͡ʃwana]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чвачӀо
[t͡ʃwat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чвала
[t͡ʃwala]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чваларо
[t͡ʃwalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чвала
[t͡ʃwala]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чваларо
[t͡ʃwalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чвалаан
[t͡ʃwalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чвалароан
[t͡ʃwalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чва
[t͡ʃwa]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чваге
[t͡ʃwage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чваги
[t͡ʃwagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чвагеги
[t͡ʃwagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чвазин
[t͡ʃwazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чвани
[t͡ʃwani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чвачӀони
[t͡ʃwat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чванищ
[t͡ʃwaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чвачӀищ
[t͡ʃwat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чвалищ
[t͡ʃwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чваларищ
[t͡ʃwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чвалищ
[t͡ʃwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чваларищ
[t͡ʃwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чварав
/[t͡ʃwaraw]/
0
|
чварай
/[t͡ʃwaraj]/
0
|
чвараб
/[t͡ʃwarab]/
0
|
чварал
/[t͡ʃwaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чвачӀев
/[t͡ʃwat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чвачӀей
/[t͡ʃwat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чвачӀеб
/[t͡ʃwat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чвачӀел
/[t͡ʃwat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чвалев
/[t͡ʃwalew]/
🔒
1
|
чвалей
/[t͡ʃwalej]/
0
|
чвалеб
/[t͡ʃwaleb]/
0
|
чвалел
/[t͡ʃwalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чваларев
/[t͡ʃwalarew]/
0
|
чваларей
/[t͡ʃwalarej]/
0
|
чвалареб
/[t͡ʃwalareb]/
0
|
чваларел
/[t͡ʃwalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чвалев
/[t͡ʃwalew]/
🔒
1
|
чвалей
/[t͡ʃwalej]/
0
|
чвалеб
/[t͡ʃwaleb]/
0
|
чвалел
/[t͡ʃwalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чваларев
/[t͡ʃwalarew]/
0
|
чваларей
/[t͡ʃwalarej]/
0
|
чвалареб
/[t͡ʃwalareb]/
0
|
чваларел
/[t͡ʃwalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чвазехъин
[t͡ʃwazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чвазехъинро
[t͡ʃwazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чваяв
/[t͡ʃwajaw]/
0
|
чваяй
/[t͡ʃwajaj]/
0
|
чваяб
/[t͡ʃwajab]/
0
|
чваял
/[t͡ʃwajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чварав
0
|
чварай
0
|
чвараб
0
|
чварал
0
|
| Ergative |
чварас
0
|
чваралъ
0
|
чваралъ
0
|
чвараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чварасул
0
|
чваралъул
0
|
чваралъул
0
|
чваразул
0
|
| Dative |
чварасе
0
|
чваралъе
0
|
чваралъе
0
|
чваразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чварасда
0
|
чваралъда
0
|
чваралъда
0
|
чваразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чварасде
0
|
чваралъде
0
|
чваралъде
0
|
чваразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чварасдаса
0
|
чваралъдаса
0
|
чваралъдаса
0
|
чвараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чварасдасан
0
|
чваралъдасан
0
|
чваралъдасан
0
|
чвараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чварасухъ
0
|
чваралъухъ
0
|
чваралъухъ
0
|
чваразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чварасухъе
0
|
чваралъухъе
0
|
чваралъухъе
0
|
чваразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чварасухъа
0
|
чваралъухъа
0
|
чваралъухъа
0
|
чваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чварасухъан
0
|
чваралъухъан
0
|
чваралъухъан
0
|
чваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чварасулъ
0
|
чваралъулъ
0
|
чваралъулъ
0
|
чваразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чварасулъе
0
|
чваралъулъе
0
|
чваралъулъе
0
|
чваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чварасулъа
0
|
чваралъулъа
0
|
чваралъулъа
0
|
чваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чварасулъан
0
|
чваралъулъан
0
|
чваралъулъан
0
|
чваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чварасукь
0
|
чваралъукь
0
|
чваралъукь
0
|
чваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чварасукье
0
|
чваралъукье
0
|
чваралъукье
0
|
чваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чварасукьа
0
|
чваралъукьа
0
|
чваралъукьа
0
|
чваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чварасукьан
0
|
чваралъукьан
0
|
чваралъукьан
0
|
чваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чван
[t͡ʃwan]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чван
[t͡ʃwan]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чвачӀого
[t͡ʃwat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чвалаго
[t͡ʃwalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чваларого
[t͡ʃwalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чвай
[t͡ʃwaj]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чвазе
[t͡ʃwaze]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Causative |
чвазавизе
/[t͡ʃwazawize]/
0
|
чвазайизе
/[t͡ʃwazajize]/
0
|
чвазабизе
/[t͡ʃwazabize]/
0
|
чвазаризе
/[t͡ʃwazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чвазавуларо
/[t͡ʃwazawularo]/
0
|
чвазайуларо
/[t͡ʃwazajularo]/
0
|
чвазабуларо
/[t͡ʃwazabularo]/
0
|
чвазаруларо
/[t͡ʃwazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чвадаризе
[t͡ʃwadarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чвадариларо
[t͡ʃwadarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чва-чвазе
[t͡ʃwa-t͡ʃwaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чва-чваларо
[t͡ʃwa-t͡ʃwalaro]
0
|
|||