Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CVC.CV.CCV.CV.CV
Syllables: 6
ASCII: ts'odorgoqva-ghaze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
206818
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalew wugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalej jigo]/ |
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀана
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀачӀо
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀала
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларо
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀала
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларо
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалаан
[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалароан
[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀа
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаге
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаги
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀагеги
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазин
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀани
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀачӀони
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀанищ
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀачӀищ
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалищ
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларищ
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалищ
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларищ
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарав
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaraw]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарай
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaraj]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀараб
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕarab]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарал
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀачӀев
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀачӀей
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀачӀеб
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀачӀел
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалев
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalew]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалей
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalej]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалеб
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaleb]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалел
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларев
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalarew]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларей
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalarej]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалареб
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalareb]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларел
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалев
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalew]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалей
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalej]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалеб
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaleb]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалел
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларев
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalarew]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларей
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalarej]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалареб
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalareb]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларел
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазехъин
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазехъинро
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаяв
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕajaw]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаяй
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕajaj]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаяб
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕajab]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаял
/[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарав
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарай
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀараб
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарас
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъ
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъ
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасул
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъул
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъул
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасе
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъе
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъе
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасда
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъда
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъда
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасде
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъде
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъде
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасдаса
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасдасан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасухъ
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасухъе
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасухъа
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасухъан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасулъ
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасулъе
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасулъа
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасулъан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасукь
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасукье
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасукьа
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀарасукьан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀан
[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀан
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀачӀого
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀалаго
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларого
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀай
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазе
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазавизе
/[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazawize]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазайизе
/[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazajize]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазабизе
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazabize]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазаризе
/[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазавуларо
/[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazawularo]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазайуларо
/[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazajularo]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазабуларо
/[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazabularo]/
0
|
цӀодоргохъва-гӀазаруларо
/[t͡sʼodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀааризе
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀаариларо
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀа-цӀодоргохъва-гӀазе
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕa-t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀодоргохъва-гӀа-цӀодоргохъва-гӀаларо
[t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕa-t͡sˀodorgoq͡χːwa-ʕalaro]
0
|
|||