Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CCV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tl'erghvaze
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-гъвай
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
208716
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
кьергъвана
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кьергъвачӀо
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кьергъвала
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кьергъваларо
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
кьергъвала
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кьергъваларо
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кьергъвалаан
[t͡ɬʼːerʁwalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кьергъвалароан
[t͡ɬʼːerʁwalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кьергъва
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кьергъваге
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
кьергъваги
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кьергъвагеги
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
кьергъвазин
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кьергъвани
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кьергъвачӀони
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьергъванищ
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьергъвачӀищ
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кьергъвалищ
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьергъваларищ
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьергъвалищ
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьергъваларищ
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кьергъварав
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaraw]/
0
|
кьергъварай
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaraj]/
0
|
кьергъвараб
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwarab]/
0
|
кьергъварал
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кьергъвачӀев
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
кьергъвачӀей
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
кьергъвачӀеб
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
кьергъвачӀел
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кьергъвалев
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalew]/
0
|
кьергъвалей
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalej]/
0
|
кьергъвалеб
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaleb]/
0
|
кьергъвалел
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кьергъваларев
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalarew]/
0
|
кьергъваларей
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalarej]/
0
|
кьергъвалареб
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalareb]/
0
|
кьергъваларел
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кьергъвалев
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalew]/
0
|
кьергъвалей
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalej]/
0
|
кьергъвалеб
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaleb]/
0
|
кьергъвалел
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кьергъваларев
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalarew]/
0
|
кьергъваларей
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalarej]/
0
|
кьергъвалареб
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalareb]/
0
|
кьергъваларел
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кьергъвазехъин
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кьергъвазехъинро
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кьергъваяв
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwajaw]/
0
|
кьергъваяй
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwajaj]/
0
|
кьергъваяб
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwajab]/
0
|
кьергъваял
/[t͡ɬʼːerʁwajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кьергъварав
0
|
кьергъварай
0
|
кьергъвараб
0
|
кьергъварал
1
|
| Ergative |
кьергъварас
0
|
кьергъваралъ
0
|
кьергъваралъ
0
|
кьергъвараз
0
|
| Genitive |
кьергъварасул
0
|
кьергъваралъул
0
|
кьергъваралъул
0
|
кьергъваразул
0
|
| Dative |
кьергъварасе
0
|
кьергъваралъе
0
|
кьергъваралъе
0
|
кьергъваразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кьергъварасда
0
|
кьергъваралъда
0
|
кьергъваралъда
0
|
кьергъваразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кьергъварасде
0
|
кьергъваралъде
0
|
кьергъваралъде
0
|
кьергъваразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кьергъварасдаса
0
|
кьергъваралъдаса
0
|
кьергъваралъдаса
0
|
кьергъвараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кьергъварасдасан
0
|
кьергъваралъдасан
0
|
кьергъваралъдасан
0
|
кьергъвараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кьергъварасухъ
0
|
кьергъваралъухъ
0
|
кьергъваралъухъ
0
|
кьергъваразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кьергъварасухъе
0
|
кьергъваралъухъе
0
|
кьергъваралъухъе
0
|
кьергъваразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кьергъварасухъа
0
|
кьергъваралъухъа
0
|
кьергъваралъухъа
0
|
кьергъваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кьергъварасухъан
0
|
кьергъваралъухъан
0
|
кьергъваралъухъан
0
|
кьергъваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кьергъварасулъ
0
|
кьергъваралъулъ
0
|
кьергъваралъулъ
0
|
кьергъваразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кьергъварасулъе
0
|
кьергъваралъулъе
0
|
кьергъваралъулъе
0
|
кьергъваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кьергъварасулъа
0
|
кьергъваралъулъа
0
|
кьергъваралъулъа
0
|
кьергъваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кьергъварасулъан
0
|
кьергъваралъулъан
0
|
кьергъваралъулъан
0
|
кьергъваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кьергъварасукь
0
|
кьергъваралъукь
0
|
кьергъваралъукь
0
|
кьергъваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кьергъварасукье
0
|
кьергъваралъукье
0
|
кьергъваралъукье
0
|
кьергъваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кьергъварасукьа
0
|
кьергъваралъукьа
0
|
кьергъваралъукьа
0
|
кьергъваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кьергъварасукьан
0
|
кьергъваралъукьан
0
|
кьергъваралъукьан
0
|
кьергъваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кьергъван
[t͡ɬʼːerʁwan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кьергъван
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кьергъвачӀого
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кьергъвалаго
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кьергъваларого
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кьергъвай
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кьергъвазе
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
кьергъвазавизе
/[t͡ɬʼːerʁwazawize]/
0
|
кьергъвазайизе
/[t͡ɬʼːerʁwazajize]/
0
|
кьергъвазабизе
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwazabize]/
0
|
кьергъвазаризе
/[t͡ɬʼːerʁwazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
кьергъвазавуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːerʁwazawularo]/
0
|
кьергъвазайуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːerʁwazajularo]/
0
|
кьергъвазабуларо
/[t͡ɬˀːerʁwazabularo]/
0
|
кьергъвазаруларо
/[t͡ɬʼːerʁwazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кьергъвааризе
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кьергъваариларо
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кьергъва-кьергъвазе
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwa-t͡ɬˀːerʁwaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кьергъва-кьергъваларо
[t͡ɬˀːerʁwa-t͡ɬˀːerʁwalaro]
0
|
|||