Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: ts'avuts'ts'aqdize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
208805
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːduleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдана
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдичӀо
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдила
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдиларо
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдула
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдуларо
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдулаан
[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдулароан
[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъде
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːde]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдуге
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдеги
[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдугеги
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизин
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдани
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдичӀони
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъданищ
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдичӀищ
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдулищ
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдуларищ
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдилищ
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдиларищ
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарав
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdaraw]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарай
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdaraj]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдараб
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdarab]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарал
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдичӀев
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдичӀей
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдичӀеб
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдичӀел
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдулев
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulew]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдулей
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulej]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдулеб
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːduleb]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдулел
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдуларев
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdularew]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдуларей
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdularej]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдулареб
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulareb]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдуларел
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдилев
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilew]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдилей
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilej]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдилеб
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdileb]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдилел
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдиларев
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilarew]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдиларей
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilarej]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдилареб
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilareb]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдиларел
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизехъин
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизехъинро
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдеяв
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdejaw]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдеяй
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdejaj]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдеяб
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdejab]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдеял
/[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарав
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарай
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдараб
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарас
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъ
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъ
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасул
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъул
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъул
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасе
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъе
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъе
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасда
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъда
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъда
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасде
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъде
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъде
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасдаса
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъдаса
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъдаса
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасдасан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъдасан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъдасан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасухъ
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъухъ
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъухъ
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасухъе
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъухъе
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъухъе
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасухъа
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъухъа
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъухъа
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасухъан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъухъан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъухъан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасулъ
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъулъ
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъулъ
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасулъе
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъулъе
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъулъе
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасулъа
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъулъа
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъулъа
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасулъан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъулъан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъулъан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасукь
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъукь
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъукь
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасукье
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъукье
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъукье
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасукьа
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъукьа
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъукьа
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдарасукьан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъукьан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаралъукьан
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдун
[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдун
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдичӀого
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдулаго
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдуларого
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъди
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизе
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизавизе
/[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdizawize]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизайизе
/[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdizajize]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизабизе
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdizabize]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизаризе
/[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизавуларо
/[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdizawularo]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизайуларо
/[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdizajularo]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизабуларо
/[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdizabularo]/
0
|
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизаруларо
/[t͡sʼawut͡sʼːaq͡χːdizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдиаризе
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъдиариларо
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъд-цӀавуцӀцӀахъдизе
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːd-t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀавуцӀцӀахъд-цӀавуцӀцӀахъдиларо
[t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːd-t͡sˀawut͡sˀːaq͡χːdilaro]
0
|
|||