Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
преть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'akkaze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
209793
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
цӀаккана
[t͡sˀakːana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀаккачӀо
[t͡sˀakːat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀаккала
[t͡sˀakːala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀаккаларо
[t͡sˀakːalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀаккала
[t͡sˀakːala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀаккаларо
[t͡sˀakːalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀаккалаан
[t͡sʼakːalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀаккалароан
[t͡sʼakːalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀакка
[t͡sˀakːa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀаккаге
[t͡sˀakːage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀаккаги
[t͡sˀakːagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀаккагеги
[t͡sˀakːagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀакказин
[t͡sˀakːazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀаккани
[t͡sˀakːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀаккачӀони
[t͡sˀakːat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀакканищ
[t͡sˀakːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккачӀищ
[t͡sˀakːat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккалищ
[t͡sˀakːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккаларищ
[t͡sˀakːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккалищ
[t͡sˀakːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаккаларищ
[t͡sˀakːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀаккарав
/[t͡sˀakːaraw]/
0
|
цӀаккарай
/[t͡sˀakːaraj]/
0
|
цӀаккараб
/[t͡sˀakːarab]/
🔒
1
|
цӀаккарал
/[t͡sˀakːaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀаккачӀев
/[t͡sˀakːat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀаккачӀей
/[t͡sˀakːat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀаккачӀеб
/[t͡sˀakːat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀаккачӀел
/[t͡sˀakːat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀаккалев
/[t͡sˀakːalew]/
0
|
цӀаккалей
/[t͡sˀakːalej]/
0
|
цӀаккалеб
/[t͡sˀakːaleb]/
0
|
цӀаккалел
/[t͡sˀakːalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀаккаларев
/[t͡sˀakːalarew]/
0
|
цӀаккаларей
/[t͡sˀakːalarej]/
0
|
цӀаккалареб
/[t͡sˀakːalareb]/
0
|
цӀаккаларел
/[t͡sˀakːalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀаккалев
/[t͡sˀakːalew]/
0
|
цӀаккалей
/[t͡sˀakːalej]/
0
|
цӀаккалеб
/[t͡sˀakːaleb]/
0
|
цӀаккалел
/[t͡sˀakːalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀаккаларев
/[t͡sˀakːalarew]/
0
|
цӀаккаларей
/[t͡sˀakːalarej]/
0
|
цӀаккалареб
/[t͡sˀakːalareb]/
0
|
цӀаккаларел
/[t͡sˀakːalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀакказехъин
[t͡sˀakːazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀакказехъинро
[t͡sˀakːazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀаккаяв
/[t͡sˀakːajaw]/
0
|
цӀаккаяй
/[t͡sˀakːajaj]/
0
|
цӀаккаяб
/[t͡sˀakːajab]/
0
|
цӀаккаял
/[t͡sʼakːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀаккарав
0
|
цӀаккарай
0
|
цӀаккараб
1
|
цӀаккарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀаккарас
0
|
цӀаккаралъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъ
0
|
цӀаккараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀаккарасул
0
|
цӀаккаралъул
0
|
цӀаккаралъул
0
|
цӀаккаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀаккарасе
0
|
цӀаккаралъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъе
0
|
цӀаккаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀаккарасда
0
|
цӀаккаралъда
0
|
цӀаккаралъда
0
|
цӀаккаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀаккарасде
0
|
цӀаккаралъде
0
|
цӀаккаралъде
0
|
цӀаккаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀаккарасдаса
0
|
цӀаккаралъдаса
0
|
цӀаккаралъдаса
0
|
цӀаккараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀаккарасдасан
0
|
цӀаккаралъдасан
0
|
цӀаккаралъдасан
0
|
цӀаккараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀаккарасухъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъ
0
|
цӀаккаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀаккарасухъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаккаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀаккарасухъа
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаккаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀаккарасухъан
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаккаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаккаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀаккарасулъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъ
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъ
0
|
цӀаккаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀаккарасулъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаккаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀаккарасулъа
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаккаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀаккарасулъан
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаккаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаккаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀаккарасукь
0
|
цӀаккаралъукь
0
|
цӀаккаралъукь
0
|
цӀаккаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀаккарасукье
0
|
цӀаккаралъукье
0
|
цӀаккаралъукье
0
|
цӀаккаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀаккарасукьа
0
|
цӀаккаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаккаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаккаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀаккарасукьан
0
|
цӀаккаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаккаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаккаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀаккан
[t͡sʼakːan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀаккан
[t͡sˀakːan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀаккачӀого
[t͡sˀakːat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀаккалаго
[t͡sˀakːalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀаккаларого
[t͡sˀakːalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀаккай
[t͡sˀakːaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀакказе
[t͡sˀakːaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀакказавизе
/[t͡sʼakːazawize]/
0
|
цӀакказайизе
/[t͡sʼakːazajize]/
0
|
цӀакказабизе
/[t͡sˀakːazabize]/
0
|
цӀакказаризе
/[t͡sʼakːazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀакказавуларо
/[t͡sʼakːazawularo]/
0
|
цӀакказайуларо
/[t͡sʼakːazajularo]/
0
|
цӀакказабуларо
/[t͡sˀakːazabularo]/
0
|
цӀакказаруларо
/[t͡sʼakːazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀаккааризе
[t͡sˀakːajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀаккаариларо
[t͡sˀakːajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀакка-цӀакказе
[t͡sˀakːa-t͡sˀakːaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀакка-цӀаккаларо
[t͡sˀakːa-t͡sˀakːalaro]
0
|
|||