Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
примкнуть
слежаться
густеть
консолидироваться
сомкнуться
сплотиться
организоваться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ghunkize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
210483
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
23
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
гъункана
[ʁunkʰana]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гъункичӀо
[ʁunkʰit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гъункила
[ʁunkʰila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гъункиларо
[ʁunkʰilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гъункула
[ʁunkʰula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гъункуларо
[ʁunkʰularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гъункулаан
[ʁunkʰulajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гъункулароан
[ʁunkʰularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гъунке
[ʁunkʰe]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гъункуге
[ʁunkʰuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гъункеги
[ʁunkʰegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гъункугеги
[ʁunkʰugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гъункизин
[ʁunkʰizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гъункани
[ʁunkʰani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гъункичӀони
[ʁunkʰit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гъунканищ
[ʁunkʰaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъункичӀищ
[ʁunkʰit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гъункулищ
[ʁunkʰuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъункуларищ
[ʁunkʰulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гъункилищ
[ʁunkʰiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъункиларищ
[ʁunkʰilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гъункарав
/[ʁunkʰaraw]/
🔒
1
|
гъункарай
/[ʁunkʰaraj]/
🔒
0
|
гъункараб
/[ʁunkʰarab]/
🔒
104
|
гъункарал
/[ʁunkʰaral]/
🔒
21
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гъункичӀев
/[ʁunkʰit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
0
|
гъункичӀей
/[ʁunkʰit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
гъункичӀеб
/[ʁunkʰit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
3
|
гъункичӀел
/[ʁunkʰit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гъункулев
/[ʁunkʰulew]/
🔒
0
|
гъункулей
/[ʁunkʰulej]/
🔒
0
|
гъункулеб
/[ʁunkʰuleb]/
🔒
1
|
гъункулел
/[ʁunkʰulel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гъункуларев
/[ʁunkʰularew]/
0
|
гъункуларей
/[ʁunkʰularej]/
0
|
гъункулареб
/[ʁunkʰulareb]/
0
|
гъункуларел
/[ʁunkʰularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гъункилев
/[ʁunkʰilew]/
0
|
гъункилей
/[ʁunkʰilej]/
0
|
гъункилеб
/[ʁunkʰileb]/
0
|
гъункилел
/[ʁunkʰilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гъункиларев
/[ʁunkʰilarew]/
0
|
гъункиларей
/[ʁunkʰilarej]/
0
|
гъункилареб
/[ʁunkʰilareb]/
0
|
гъункиларел
/[ʁunkʰilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гъункизехъин
[ʁunkʰizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гъункизехъинро
[ʁunkʰizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гъункеяв
/[ʁunkʰejaw]/
0
|
гъункеяй
/[ʁunkʰejaj]/
0
|
гъункеяб
/[ʁunkʰejab]/
0
|
гъункеял
/[ʁunkʰejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гъункарав
1
|
гъункарай
0
|
гъункараб
104
|
гъункарал
21
|
| Ergative |
гъункарас
0
|
гъункаралъ
0
|
гъункаралъ
0
|
гъункараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гъункарасул
1
|
гъункаралъул
0
|
гъункаралъул
0
|
гъункаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гъункарасе
0
|
гъункаралъе
0
|
гъункаралъе
0
|
гъункаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гъункарасда
0
|
гъункаралъда
0
|
гъункаралъда
0
|
гъункаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гъункарасде
0
|
гъункаралъде
0
|
гъункаралъде
0
|
гъункаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гъункарасдаса
0
|
гъункаралъдаса
0
|
гъункаралъдаса
0
|
гъункараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гъункарасдасан
0
|
гъункаралъдасан
0
|
гъункаралъдасан
0
|
гъункараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гъункарасухъ
0
|
гъункаралъухъ
0
|
гъункаралъухъ
0
|
гъункаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гъункарасухъе
0
|
гъункаралъухъе
0
|
гъункаралъухъе
0
|
гъункаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гъункарасухъа
0
|
гъункаралъухъа
0
|
гъункаралъухъа
0
|
гъункаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гъункарасухъан
0
|
гъункаралъухъан
0
|
гъункаралъухъан
0
|
гъункаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гъункарасулъ
0
|
гъункаралъулъ
0
|
гъункаралъулъ
0
|
гъункаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гъункарасулъе
0
|
гъункаралъулъе
0
|
гъункаралъулъе
0
|
гъункаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гъункарасулъа
0
|
гъункаралъулъа
0
|
гъункаралъулъа
0
|
гъункаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гъункарасулъан
0
|
гъункаралъулъан
0
|
гъункаралъулъан
0
|
гъункаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гъункарасукь
0
|
гъункаралъукь
0
|
гъункаралъукь
0
|
гъункаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гъункарасукье
0
|
гъункаралъукье
0
|
гъункаралъукье
0
|
гъункаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гъункарасукьа
0
|
гъункаралъукьа
0
|
гъункаралъукьа
0
|
гъункаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гъункарасукьан
0
|
гъункаралъукьан
0
|
гъункаралъукьан
0
|
гъункаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гъункун
[ʁunkʰun]
🔒
95
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гъункун
[ʁunkʰun]
🔒
95
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гъункичӀого
[ʁunkʰit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гъункулаго
[ʁunkʰulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гъункуларого
[ʁunkʰularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гъунки
[ʁunkʰi]
🔒
115
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гъункизе
[ʁunkʰize]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Causative |
гъункизавизе
/[ʁunkʰizawize]/
🔒
0
|
гъункизайизе
/[ʁunkʰizajize]/
🔒
0
|
гъункизабизе
/[ʁunkʰizabize]/
🔒
7
|
гъункизаризе
/[ʁunkʰizarize]/
🔒
4
|
| Causative Negative |
гъункизавуларо
/[ʁunkʰizawularo]/
0
|
гъункизайуларо
/[ʁunkʰizajularo]/
0
|
гъункизабуларо
/[ʁunkʰizabularo]/
0
|
гъункизаруларо
/[ʁunkʰizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гъункиаризе
[ʁunkʰijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гъункиариларо
[ʁunkʰijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гъунк-гъункизе
[ʁunkʰ-ʁunkʰize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гъунк-гъункиларо
[ʁunkʰ-ʁunkʰilaro]
0
|
|||