Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
отклонить
прогнуть
гнуть
изогнуть
искривить
клонить
кривить
нагнуть
наклонить
отвернуть
перекосить
покоробить
пошатнуть
пригнуть
продавить
скосить
скривить
скрючить
согнуть
выгнуть
косить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: hetʼizabize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
211444
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[hetʼizawulew wugo]/ |
/[hetʼizajulej jigo]/ |
/[hetˀizabuleb bugo]/ |
/[hetʼizarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[hetʼizawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[hetʼizajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[hetˀizabuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hetʼizarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гьетӀизавуна
/[hetʼizawuna]/
0
|
гьетӀизайуна
/[hetʼizajuna]/
0
|
гьетӀизабуна
/[hetˀizabuna]/
0
|
гьетӀизаруна
/[hetʼizaruna]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
гьетӀизавичӀо
/[hetʼizawit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
гьетӀизайичӀо
/[hetʼizajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
гьетӀизабичӀо
/[hetˀizabit͡ʃˀo]/
0
|
гьетӀизаричӀо
/[hetʼizarit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
гьетӀизавила
/[hetʼizawila]/
0
|
гьетӀизайила
/[hetʼizajila]/
0
|
гьетӀизабила
/[hetˀizabila]/
0
|
гьетӀизарила
/[hetʼizarila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
гьетӀизавиларо
/[hetʼizawilaro]/
0
|
гьетӀизайиларо
/[hetʼizajilaro]/
0
|
гьетӀизабиларо
/[hetˀizabilaro]/
0
|
гьетӀизариларо
/[hetʼizarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
гьетӀизавула
/[hetʼizawula]/
0
|
гьетӀизайула
/[hetʼizajula]/
0
|
гьетӀизабула
/[hetˀizabula]/
0
|
гьетӀизарула
/[hetʼizarula]/
🔒
1
|
| Constative Negative |
гьетӀизавуларо
/[hetʼizawularo]/
0
|
гьетӀизайуларо
/[hetʼizajularo]/
0
|
гьетӀизабуларо
/[hetˀizabularo]/
0
|
гьетӀизаруларо
/[hetʼizarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гьетӀизавулаан
/[hetʼizawulajan]/
0
|
гьетӀизайулаан
/[hetʼizajulajan]/
0
|
гьетӀизабулаан
/[hetʼizabulajan]/
0
|
гьетӀизарулаан
/[hetʼizarulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
гьетӀизабулароан
/[hetʼizabularojan]/
0
|
гьетӀизабулароан
/[hetʼizabularojan]/
0
|
гьетӀизабулароан
/[hetʼizabularojan]/
0
|
гьетӀизарулароан
/[hetʼizarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гьетӀизаве
/[hetʼizawe]/
0
|
гьетӀизайе
/[hetʼizaje]/
0
|
гьетӀизабе
/[hetˀizabe]/
0
|
гьетӀизаре
/[hetʼizare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гьетӀизавуге
/[hetʼizawuge]/
0
|
гьетӀизайуге
/[hetʼizajuge]/
0
|
гьетӀизабуге
/[hetˀizabuge]/
0
|
гьетӀизаруге
/[hetʼizaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
гьетӀизабеги
/[hetʼizawegi]/
0
|
гьетӀизабеги
/[hetʼizajegi]/
0
|
гьетӀизабеги
/[hetʼizabegi]/
0
|
гьетӀизареги
/[hetʼizaregi]/
🔒
1
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
гьетӀизабугеги
/[hetˀizabugegi]/
0
|
гьетӀизабугеги
/[hetˀizabugegi]/
0
|
гьетӀизабугеги
/[hetˀizabugegi]/
0
|
гьетӀизаругеги
/[hetʼizarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
гьетӀизавизин
/[hetʼizawizin]/
0
|
гьетӀизайизин
/[hetʼizajizin]/
0
|
гьетӀизабизин
/[hetˀizabizin]/
0
|
гьетӀизаризин
/[hetʼizarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гьетӀизавуни
/[hetʼizawuni]/
0
|
гьетӀизайуни
/[hetʼizajuni]/
0
|
гьетӀизабуни
/[hetˀizabuni]/
0
|
гьетӀизаруни
/[hetʼizaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
гьетӀизабичӀони
/[hetˀizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
гьетӀизабичӀони
/[hetˀizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
гьетӀизабичӀони
/[hetˀizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
гьетӀизаричӀони
/[hetʼizarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьетӀизавунищ
/[hetʼizawuniʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизайунищ
/[hetʼizajuniʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизабунищ
/[hetˀizabuniʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизарунищ
/[hetʼizaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьетӀизавичӀищ
/[hetʼizawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизайичӀищ
/[hetʼizajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизабичӀищ
/[hetˀizabit͡ʃˀiʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизаричӀищ
/[hetʼizarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гьетӀизавулищ
/[hetʼizawuliʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизайулищ
/[hetʼizajuliʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизабулищ
/[hetˀizabuliʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизарулищ
/[hetʼizaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьетӀизавуларищ
/[hetʼizawulariʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизайуларищ
/[hetʼizajulariʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизабуларищ
/[hetˀizabulariʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизаруларищ
/[hetʼizarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьетӀизавилищ
/[hetʼizawiliʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизайилищ
/[hetʼizajiliʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизабилищ
/[hetˀizabiliʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизарилищ
/[hetʼizariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьетӀизавиларищ
/[hetʼizawilariʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизайиларищ
/[hetʼizajilariʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизабиларищ
/[hetˀizabilariʃː]/
0
|
гьетӀизариларищ
/[hetʼizarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гьетӀизавурав
/[hetʼizawuraw]/
0
|
гьетӀизайурай
/[hetʼizajuraj]/
0
|
гьетӀизабураб
/[hetˀizaburab]/
0
|
гьетӀизарурал
/[hetʼizarural]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гьетӀизавичӀев
/[hetʼizawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
гьетӀизайичӀей
/[hetʼizajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
гьетӀизабичӀеб
/[hetˀizabit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гьетӀизаричӀел
/[hetʼizarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гьетӀизавулев
/[hetʼizawulew]/
0
|
гьетӀизайулей
/[hetʼizajulej]/
0
|
гьетӀизабулеб
/[hetˀizabuleb]/
🔒
1
|
гьетӀизарулел
/[hetʼizarulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гьетӀизавуларев
/[hetʼizawularew]/
0
|
гьетӀизайуларей
/[hetʼizajularej]/
0
|
гьетӀизабулареб
/[hetˀizabulareb]/
0
|
гьетӀизаруларел
/[hetʼizarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гьетӀизавилев
/[hetʼizawilew]/
0
|
гьетӀизайилей
/[hetʼizajilej]/
0
|
гьетӀизабилеб
/[hetˀizabileb]/
0
|
гьетӀизарилел
/[hetʼizarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гьетӀизавиларев
/[hetʼizawilarew]/
0
|
гьетӀизайиларей
/[hetʼizajilarej]/
0
|
гьетӀизабилареб
/[hetˀizabilareb]/
0
|
гьетӀизариларел
/[hetʼizarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гьетӀизавизехъин
/[hetʼizawizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
гьетӀизайизехъин
/[hetʼizajizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
гьетӀизабизехъин
/[hetˀizabizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
гьетӀизаризехъин
/[hetʼizarizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гьетӀизавизехъинро
/[hetʼizawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
гьетӀизайизехъинро
/[hetʼizajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
гьетӀизабизехъинро
/[hetˀizabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
гьетӀизаризехъинро
/[hetʼizarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
гьетӀизавеяв
/[hetʼizawejaw]/
0
|
гьетӀизайеяй
/[hetʼizajejaj]/
0
|
гьетӀизабеяб
/[hetˀizabejab]/
0
|
гьетӀизареял
/[hetʼizarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гьетӀизавурав
0
|
гьетӀизайурай
0
|
гьетӀизабураб
0
|
гьетӀизарурал
0
|
| Ergative |
гьетӀизавурас
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъ
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъ
0
|
гьетӀизарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
гьетӀизавурасул
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъул
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъул
0
|
гьетӀизаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
гьетӀизавурасе
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъе
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъе
0
|
гьетӀизаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гьетӀизавурасда
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъда
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъда
0
|
гьетӀизаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гьетӀизавурасде
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъде
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъде
0
|
гьетӀизаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гьетӀизавурасдаса
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъдаса
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъдаса
0
|
гьетӀизарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гьетӀизавурасдасан
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъдасан
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъдасан
0
|
гьетӀизарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гьетӀизавурасухъ
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъухъ
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъухъ
0
|
гьетӀизаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гьетӀизавурасухъе
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъухъе
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъухъе
0
|
гьетӀизаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гьетӀизавурасухъа
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъухъа
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъухъа
0
|
гьетӀизаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гьетӀизавурасухъан
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъухъан
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъухъан
0
|
гьетӀизаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гьетӀизавурасулъ
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъулъ
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъулъ
0
|
гьетӀизаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гьетӀизавурасулъе
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъулъе
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъулъе
0
|
гьетӀизаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гьетӀизавурасулъа
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъулъа
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъулъа
0
|
гьетӀизаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гьетӀизавурасулъан
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъулъан
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъулъан
0
|
гьетӀизаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гьетӀизавурасукь
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъукь
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъукь
0
|
гьетӀизаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гьетӀизавурасукье
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъукье
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъукье
0
|
гьетӀизаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гьетӀизавурасукьа
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъукьа
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъукьа
0
|
гьетӀизаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гьетӀизавурасукьан
0
|
гьетӀизайуралъукьан
0
|
гьетӀизабуралъукьан
0
|
гьетӀизаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гьетӀизавун
/[hetʼizawun]/
0
|
гьетӀизайун
/[hetʼizajun]/
0
|
гьетӀизабун
/[hetʼizabun]/
🔒
4
|
гьетӀизарун
/[hetʼizarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
гьетӀизавун
/[hetʼizawun]/
🔒
0
|
гьетӀизайун
/[hetʼizajun]/
🔒
0
|
гьетӀизабун
/[hetˀizabun]/
🔒
4
|
гьетӀизарун
/[hetʼizarun]/
🔒
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гьетӀизабичӀого
/[hetˀizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
гьетӀизабичӀого
/[hetˀizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
гьетӀизабичӀого
/[hetˀizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
гьетӀизаричӀого
/[hetʼizarit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
гьетӀизавулаго
/[hetʼizawulago]/
0
|
гьетӀизайулаго
/[hetʼizajulago]/
0
|
гьетӀизабулаго
/[hetˀizabulago]/
0
|
гьетӀизарулаго
/[hetʼizarulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
гьетӀизабуларого
/[hetˀizabularogo]/
0
|
гьетӀизабуларого
/[hetˀizabularogo]/
0
|
гьетӀизабуларого
/[hetˀizabularogo]/
0
|
гьетӀизаруларого
/[hetʼizarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гьетӀизави
/[hetʼizawi]/
0
|
гьетӀизайи
/[hetʼizaji]/
0
|
гьетӀизаби
/[hetˀizabi]/
0
|
гьетӀизари
/[hetʼizari]/
🔒
4
|
| Infinitive |
гьетӀизавизе
/[hetʼizawize]/
🔒
0
|
гьетӀизайизе
/[hetʼizajize]/
🔒
0
|
гьетӀизабизе
/[hetˀizabize]/
🔒
1
|
гьетӀизаризе
/[hetʼizarize]/
🔒
2
|
| Causative |
гьетӀизабизабизе
[hetˀizabizabize]
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
гьетӀизабизабуларо
[hetˀizabizabularo]
0
|
|||
| Durative |
гьетӀизавиаризе
/[hetʼizawijarize]/
0
|
гьетӀизайиаризе
/[hetʼizajijarize]/
0
|
гьетӀизабиаризе
/[hetˀizabijarize]/
0
|
гьетӀизариаризе
/[hetʼizarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
гьетӀизавиариларо
/[hetʼizawijarilaro]/
0
|
гьетӀизайиариларо
/[hetʼizajijarilaro]/
0
|
гьетӀизабиариларо
/[hetˀizabijarilaro]/
0
|
гьетӀизариариларо
/[hetʼizarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
гьетӀизаб-гьетӀизавизе
/[hetʼizab-hetʼizawize]/
0
|
гьетӀизаб-гьетӀизайизе
/[hetʼizab-hetʼizajize]/
0
|
гьетӀизаб-гьетӀизабизе
/[hetˀizab-hetˀizabize]/
0
|
гьетӀизаб-гьетӀизаризе
/[hetʼizab-hetʼizarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
гьетӀизаб-гьетӀизавиларо
/[hetʼizab-hetʼizawilaro]/
0
|
гьетӀизаб-гьетӀизайиларо
/[hetʼizab-hetʼizajilaro]/
0
|
гьетӀизаб-гьетӀизабиларо
/[hetˀizab-hetˀizabilaro]/
0
|
гьетӀизаб-гьетӀизариларо
/[hetʼizab-hetʼizarilaro]/
0
|