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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
V.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: utaklhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
211482
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʔutakʰɬulew wugo]/ |
/[ʔutakʰɬulej jigo]/ |
/[ʔutakʰɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[ʔutakʰɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʔutakʰɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʔutakʰɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʔutakʰɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʔutakʰɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
утаклъана
[ʔutakʰɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
утаклъичӀо
[ʔutakʰɬit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
утаклъила
[ʔutakʰɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
утаклъиларо
[ʔutakʰɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
утаклъула
[ʔutakʰɬula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
утаклъуларо
[ʔutakʰɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
утаклъулаан
[ʔutakʰɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
утаклъулароан
[ʔutakʰɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
утаклъе
[ʔutakʰɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
утаклъуге
[ʔutakʰɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
утаклъеги
[ʔutakʰɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
утаклъугеги
[ʔutakʰɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
утаклъизин
[ʔutakʰɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
утаклъани
[ʔutakʰɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
утаклъичӀони
[ʔutakʰɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
утаклъанищ
[ʔutakʰɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
утаклъичӀищ
[ʔutakʰɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
утаклъулищ
[ʔutakʰɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
утаклъуларищ
[ʔutakʰɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
утаклъилищ
[ʔutakʰɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
утаклъиларищ
[ʔutakʰɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
утаклъарав
/[ʔutakʰɬaraw]/
0
|
утаклъарай
/[ʔutakʰɬaraj]/
0
|
утаклъараб
/[ʔutakʰɬarab]/
0
|
утаклъарал
/[ʔutakʰɬaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
утаклъичӀев
/[ʔutakʰɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
утаклъичӀей
/[ʔutakʰɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
утаклъичӀеб
/[ʔutakʰɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
утаклъичӀел
/[ʔutakʰɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
утаклъулев
/[ʔutakʰɬulew]/
0
|
утаклъулей
/[ʔutakʰɬulej]/
0
|
утаклъулеб
/[ʔutakʰɬuleb]/
0
|
утаклъулел
/[ʔutakʰɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
утаклъуларев
/[ʔutakʰɬularew]/
0
|
утаклъуларей
/[ʔutakʰɬularej]/
0
|
утаклъулареб
/[ʔutakʰɬulareb]/
0
|
утаклъуларел
/[ʔutakʰɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
утаклъилев
/[ʔutakʰɬilew]/
0
|
утаклъилей
/[ʔutakʰɬilej]/
0
|
утаклъилеб
/[ʔutakʰɬileb]/
0
|
утаклъилел
/[ʔutakʰɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
утаклъиларев
/[ʔutakʰɬilarew]/
0
|
утаклъиларей
/[ʔutakʰɬilarej]/
0
|
утаклъилареб
/[ʔutakʰɬilareb]/
0
|
утаклъиларел
/[ʔutakʰɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
утаклъизехъин
[ʔutakʰɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
утаклъизехъинро
[ʔutakʰɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
утаклъеяв
/[ʔutakʰɬejaw]/
0
|
утаклъеяй
/[ʔutakʰɬejaj]/
0
|
утаклъеяб
/[ʔutakʰɬejab]/
0
|
утаклъеял
/[ʔutakʰɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
утаклъарав
0
|
утаклъарай
0
|
утаклъараб
0
|
утаклъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
утаклъарас
0
|
утаклъаралъ
0
|
утаклъаралъ
0
|
утаклъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
утаклъарасул
0
|
утаклъаралъул
0
|
утаклъаралъул
0
|
утаклъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
утаклъарасе
0
|
утаклъаралъе
0
|
утаклъаралъе
0
|
утаклъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
утаклъарасда
0
|
утаклъаралъда
0
|
утаклъаралъда
0
|
утаклъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
утаклъарасде
0
|
утаклъаралъде
0
|
утаклъаралъде
0
|
утаклъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
утаклъарасдаса
0
|
утаклъаралъдаса
0
|
утаклъаралъдаса
0
|
утаклъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
утаклъарасдасан
0
|
утаклъаралъдасан
0
|
утаклъаралъдасан
0
|
утаклъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
утаклъарасухъ
0
|
утаклъаралъухъ
0
|
утаклъаралъухъ
0
|
утаклъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
утаклъарасухъе
0
|
утаклъаралъухъе
0
|
утаклъаралъухъе
0
|
утаклъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
утаклъарасухъа
0
|
утаклъаралъухъа
0
|
утаклъаралъухъа
0
|
утаклъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
утаклъарасухъан
0
|
утаклъаралъухъан
0
|
утаклъаралъухъан
0
|
утаклъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
утаклъарасулъ
0
|
утаклъаралъулъ
0
|
утаклъаралъулъ
0
|
утаклъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
утаклъарасулъе
0
|
утаклъаралъулъе
0
|
утаклъаралъулъе
0
|
утаклъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
утаклъарасулъа
0
|
утаклъаралъулъа
0
|
утаклъаралъулъа
0
|
утаклъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
утаклъарасулъан
0
|
утаклъаралъулъан
0
|
утаклъаралъулъан
0
|
утаклъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
утаклъарасукь
0
|
утаклъаралъукь
0
|
утаклъаралъукь
0
|
утаклъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
утаклъарасукье
0
|
утаклъаралъукье
0
|
утаклъаралъукье
0
|
утаклъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
утаклъарасукьа
0
|
утаклъаралъукьа
0
|
утаклъаралъукьа
0
|
утаклъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
утаклъарасукьан
0
|
утаклъаралъукьан
0
|
утаклъаралъукьан
0
|
утаклъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
утаклъун
[ʔutakʰɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
утаклъун
[ʔutakʰɬun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
утаклъичӀого
[ʔutakʰɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
утаклъулаго
[ʔutakʰɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
утаклъуларого
[ʔutakʰɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
утаклъи
[ʔutakʰɬi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
утаклъизе
[ʔutakʰɬize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
утаклъизавизе
/[ʔutakʰɬizawize]/
0
|
утаклъизайизе
/[ʔutakʰɬizajize]/
0
|
утаклъизабизе
/[ʔutakʰɬizabize]/
0
|
утаклъизаризе
/[ʔutakʰɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
утаклъизавуларо
/[ʔutakʰɬizawularo]/
0
|
утаклъизайуларо
/[ʔutakʰɬizajularo]/
0
|
утаклъизабуларо
/[ʔutakʰɬizabularo]/
0
|
утаклъизаруларо
/[ʔutakʰɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
утаклъиаризе
[ʔutakʰɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
утаклъиариларо
[ʔutakʰɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
утаклъ-утаклъизе
[ʔutakʰɬ-utakʰɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
утаклъ-утаклъиларо
[ʔutakʰɬ-utakʰɬilaro]
0
|
|||