Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
пролаять
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: hhapize
Derivation Method
Derivation Suffix
-и
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
211916
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
хӀапана
[ħapana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хӀапичӀо
[ħapit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хӀапила
[ħapila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хӀапиларо
[ħapilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хӀапула
[ħapula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хӀапуларо
[ħapularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хӀапулаан
[ħapulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хӀапулароан
[ħapularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хӀапе
[ħape]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хӀапуге
[ħapuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хӀапеги
[ħapegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хӀапугеги
[ħapugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хӀапизин
[ħapizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
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| Conditional |
хӀапани
[ħapani]
0
|
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| Conditional Negative |
хӀапичӀони
[ħapit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀапанищ
[ħapaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀапичӀищ
[ħapit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀапулищ
[ħapuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀапуларищ
[ħapulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀапилищ
[ħapiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀапиларищ
[ħapilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хӀапарав
/[ħaparaw]/
0
|
хӀапарай
/[ħaparaj]/
0
|
хӀапараб
/[ħaparab]/
0
|
хӀапарал
/[ħaparal]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хӀапичӀев
/[ħapit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хӀапичӀей
/[ħapit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хӀапичӀеб
/[ħapit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хӀапичӀел
/[ħapit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хӀапулев
/[ħapulew]/
0
|
хӀапулей
/[ħapulej]/
0
|
хӀапулеб
/[ħapuleb]/
🔒
3
|
хӀапулел
/[ħapulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хӀапуларев
/[ħapularew]/
0
|
хӀапуларей
/[ħapularej]/
0
|
хӀапулареб
/[ħapulareb]/
0
|
хӀапуларел
/[ħapularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хӀапилев
/[ħapilew]/
0
|
хӀапилей
/[ħapilej]/
0
|
хӀапилеб
/[ħapileb]/
0
|
хӀапилел
/[ħapilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хӀапиларев
/[ħapilarew]/
0
|
хӀапиларей
/[ħapilarej]/
0
|
хӀапилареб
/[ħapilareb]/
0
|
хӀапиларел
/[ħapilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хӀапизехъин
[ħapizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хӀапизехъинро
[ħapizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
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| Optative Participle |
хӀапеяв
/[ħapejaw]/
0
|
хӀапеяй
/[ħapejaj]/
0
|
хӀапеяб
/[ħapejab]/
0
|
хӀапеял
/[ħapejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хӀапарав
0
|
хӀапарай
0
|
хӀапараб
0
|
хӀапарал
0
|
| Ergative |
хӀапарас
0
|
хӀапаралъ
0
|
хӀапаралъ
0
|
хӀапараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хӀапарасул
0
|
хӀапаралъул
0
|
хӀапаралъул
0
|
хӀапаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хӀапарасе
0
|
хӀапаралъе
0
|
хӀапаралъе
0
|
хӀапаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хӀапарасда
0
|
хӀапаралъда
0
|
хӀапаралъда
0
|
хӀапаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хӀапарасде
0
|
хӀапаралъде
0
|
хӀапаралъде
0
|
хӀапаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хӀапарасдаса
0
|
хӀапаралъдаса
0
|
хӀапаралъдаса
0
|
хӀапараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хӀапарасдасан
0
|
хӀапаралъдасан
0
|
хӀапаралъдасан
0
|
хӀапараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хӀапарасухъ
0
|
хӀапаралъухъ
0
|
хӀапаралъухъ
0
|
хӀапаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хӀапарасухъе
0
|
хӀапаралъухъе
0
|
хӀапаралъухъе
0
|
хӀапаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хӀапарасухъа
0
|
хӀапаралъухъа
0
|
хӀапаралъухъа
0
|
хӀапаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хӀапарасухъан
0
|
хӀапаралъухъан
0
|
хӀапаралъухъан
0
|
хӀапаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хӀапарасулъ
0
|
хӀапаралъулъ
0
|
хӀапаралъулъ
0
|
хӀапаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хӀапарасулъе
0
|
хӀапаралъулъе
0
|
хӀапаралъулъе
0
|
хӀапаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хӀапарасулъа
0
|
хӀапаралъулъа
0
|
хӀапаралъулъа
0
|
хӀапаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хӀапарасулъан
0
|
хӀапаралъулъан
0
|
хӀапаралъулъан
0
|
хӀапаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хӀапарасукь
0
|
хӀапаралъукь
0
|
хӀапаралъукь
0
|
хӀапаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хӀапарасукье
0
|
хӀапаралъукье
0
|
хӀапаралъукье
0
|
хӀапаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хӀапарасукьа
0
|
хӀапаралъукьа
0
|
хӀапаралъукьа
0
|
хӀапаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хӀапарасукьан
0
|
хӀапаралъукьан
0
|
хӀапаралъукьан
0
|
хӀапаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хӀапун
[ħapun]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хӀапун
[ħapun]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хӀапичӀого
[ħapit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хӀапулаго
[ħapulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хӀапуларого
[ħapularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хӀапи
[ħapi]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хӀапизе
[ħapize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
хӀапизавизе
/[ħapizawize]/
0
|
хӀапизайизе
/[ħapizajize]/
0
|
хӀапизабизе
/[ħapizabize]/
0
|
хӀапизаризе
/[ħapizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хӀапизавуларо
/[ħapizawularo]/
0
|
хӀапизайуларо
/[ħapizajularo]/
0
|
хӀапизабуларо
/[ħapizabularo]/
0
|
хӀапизаруларо
/[ħapizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хӀапиаризе
[ħapijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хӀапиариларо
[ħapijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хӀап-хӀапизе
[ħap-ħapize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хӀап-хӀапиларо
[ħap-ħapilaro]
0
|
|||