Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ts'aqʼsemize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
212165
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemuleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
цӀакъсемана
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀакъсемичӀо
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀакъсемила
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀакъсемиларо
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀакъсемула
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀакъсемуларо
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀакъсемулаан
[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀакъсемулароан
[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀакъсеме
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːseme]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀакъсемуге
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀакъсемеги
[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀакъсемугеги
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀакъсемизин
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀакъсемани
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀакъсемичӀони
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀакъсеманищ
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀакъсемичӀищ
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀакъсемулищ
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀакъсемуларищ
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀакъсемилищ
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀакъсемиларищ
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀакъсемарав
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemaraw]/
0
|
цӀакъсемарай
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemaraj]/
0
|
цӀакъсемараб
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemarab]/
0
|
цӀакъсемарал
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀакъсемичӀев
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀакъсемичӀей
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀакъсемичӀеб
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀакъсемичӀел
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀакъсемулев
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulew]/
0
|
цӀакъсемулей
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulej]/
0
|
цӀакъсемулеб
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemuleb]/
0
|
цӀакъсемулел
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀакъсемуларев
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemularew]/
0
|
цӀакъсемуларей
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemularej]/
0
|
цӀакъсемулареб
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulareb]/
0
|
цӀакъсемуларел
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀакъсемилев
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilew]/
0
|
цӀакъсемилей
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilej]/
0
|
цӀакъсемилеб
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemileb]/
0
|
цӀакъсемилел
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀакъсемиларев
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilarew]/
0
|
цӀакъсемиларей
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilarej]/
0
|
цӀакъсемилареб
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilareb]/
0
|
цӀакъсемиларел
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀакъсемизехъин
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀакъсемизехъинро
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀакъсемеяв
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemejaw]/
0
|
цӀакъсемеяй
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemejaj]/
0
|
цӀакъсемеяб
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemejab]/
0
|
цӀакъсемеял
/[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀакъсемарав
0
|
цӀакъсемарай
0
|
цӀакъсемараб
0
|
цӀакъсемарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀакъсемарас
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъ
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъ
0
|
цӀакъсемараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀакъсемарасул
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъул
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъул
0
|
цӀакъсемаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀакъсемарасе
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъе
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъе
0
|
цӀакъсемаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀакъсемарасда
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъда
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъда
0
|
цӀакъсемаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀакъсемарасде
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъде
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъде
0
|
цӀакъсемаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀакъсемарасдаса
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъдаса
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъдаса
0
|
цӀакъсемараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀакъсемарасдасан
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъдасан
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъдасан
0
|
цӀакъсемараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀакъсемарасухъ
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъухъ
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъухъ
0
|
цӀакъсемаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀакъсемарасухъе
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъухъе
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъухъе
0
|
цӀакъсемаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀакъсемарасухъа
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъухъа
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъухъа
0
|
цӀакъсемаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀакъсемарасухъан
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъухъан
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъухъан
0
|
цӀакъсемаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀакъсемарасулъ
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъулъ
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъулъ
0
|
цӀакъсемаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀакъсемарасулъе
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъулъе
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъулъе
0
|
цӀакъсемаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀакъсемарасулъа
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъулъа
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъулъа
0
|
цӀакъсемаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀакъсемарасулъан
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъулъан
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъулъан
0
|
цӀакъсемаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀакъсемарасукь
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъукь
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъукь
0
|
цӀакъсемаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀакъсемарасукье
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъукье
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъукье
0
|
цӀакъсемаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀакъсемарасукьа
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъукьа
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъукьа
0
|
цӀакъсемаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀакъсемарасукьан
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъукьан
0
|
цӀакъсемаралъукьан
0
|
цӀакъсемаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀакъсемун
[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀакъсемун
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀакъсемичӀого
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀакъсемулаго
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀакъсемуларого
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀакъсеми
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀакъсемизе
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀакъсемизавизе
/[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemizawize]/
0
|
цӀакъсемизайизе
/[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemizajize]/
0
|
цӀакъсемизабизе
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemizabize]/
0
|
цӀакъсемизаризе
/[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀакъсемизавуларо
/[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemizawularo]/
0
|
цӀакъсемизайуларо
/[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemizajularo]/
0
|
цӀакъсемизабуларо
/[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemizabularo]/
0
|
цӀакъсемизаруларо
/[t͡sʼaq͡χʼːsemizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀакъсемиаризе
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀакъсемиариларо
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀакъсем-цӀакъсемизе
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsem-t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀакъсем-цӀакъсемиларо
[t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsem-t͡sˀaq͡χˀːsemilaro]
0
|
|||