Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
просеять
сеять
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'alkʼize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
212357
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
8
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀalkˀulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀalkˀulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡sˀalkˀuleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀalkˀulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀalkˀulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀalkˀulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀalkˀuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀalkˀulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
цӀалкӀана
[t͡sˀalkˀana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀалкӀичӀо
[t͡sˀalkˀit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀалкӀила
[t͡sˀalkˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀалкӀиларо
[t͡sˀalkˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀалкӀула
[t͡sˀalkˀula]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀалкӀуларо
[t͡sˀalkˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀалкӀулаан
[t͡sʼalkʼulajan]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀалкӀулароан
[t͡sʼalkʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀалкӀе
[t͡sˀalkˀe]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀалкӀуге
[t͡sˀalkˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀалкӀеги
[t͡sʼalkʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀалкӀугеги
[t͡sˀalkˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀалкӀизин
[t͡sˀalkˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀалкӀани
[t͡sˀalkˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀалкӀичӀони
[t͡sˀalkˀit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалкӀанищ
[t͡sˀalkˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалкӀичӀищ
[t͡sˀalkˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалкӀулищ
[t͡sˀalkˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалкӀуларищ
[t͡sˀalkˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалкӀилищ
[t͡sˀalkˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалкӀиларищ
[t͡sˀalkˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀалкӀарав
/[t͡sˀalkˀaraw]/
0
|
цӀалкӀарай
/[t͡sˀalkˀaraj]/
0
|
цӀалкӀараб
/[t͡sˀalkˀarab]/
0
|
цӀалкӀарал
/[t͡sˀalkˀaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀалкӀичӀев
/[t͡sˀalkˀit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀалкӀичӀей
/[t͡sˀalkˀit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀалкӀичӀеб
/[t͡sˀalkˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀалкӀичӀел
/[t͡sˀalkˀit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀалкӀулев
/[t͡sˀalkˀulew]/
🔒
2
|
цӀалкӀулей
/[t͡sˀalkˀulej]/
🔒
1
|
цӀалкӀулеб
/[t͡sˀalkˀuleb]/
🔒
4
|
цӀалкӀулел
/[t͡sˀalkˀulel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀалкӀуларев
/[t͡sˀalkˀularew]/
0
|
цӀалкӀуларей
/[t͡sˀalkˀularej]/
0
|
цӀалкӀулареб
/[t͡sˀalkˀulareb]/
0
|
цӀалкӀуларел
/[t͡sˀalkˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀалкӀилев
/[t͡sˀalkˀilew]/
0
|
цӀалкӀилей
/[t͡sˀalkˀilej]/
0
|
цӀалкӀилеб
/[t͡sˀalkˀileb]/
0
|
цӀалкӀилел
/[t͡sˀalkˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀалкӀиларев
/[t͡sˀalkˀilarew]/
0
|
цӀалкӀиларей
/[t͡sˀalkˀilarej]/
0
|
цӀалкӀилареб
/[t͡sˀalkˀilareb]/
0
|
цӀалкӀиларел
/[t͡sˀalkˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀалкӀизехъин
[t͡sˀalkˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀалкӀизехъинро
[t͡sˀalkˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀалкӀеяв
/[t͡sˀalkˀejaw]/
0
|
цӀалкӀеяй
/[t͡sˀalkˀejaj]/
0
|
цӀалкӀеяб
/[t͡sˀalkˀejab]/
0
|
цӀалкӀеял
/[t͡sʼalkʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀалкӀарав
0
|
цӀалкӀарай
0
|
цӀалкӀараб
0
|
цӀалкӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀалкӀарас
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъ
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъ
0
|
цӀалкӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀалкӀарасул
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъул
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъул
0
|
цӀалкӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀалкӀарасе
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъе
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъе
0
|
цӀалкӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀалкӀарасда
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъда
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъда
0
|
цӀалкӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀалкӀарасде
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъде
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъде
0
|
цӀалкӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀалкӀарасдаса
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀалкӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀалкӀарасдасан
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀалкӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀалкӀарасухъ
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀалкӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀалкӀарасухъе
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀалкӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀалкӀарасухъа
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀалкӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀалкӀарасухъан
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀалкӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀалкӀарасулъ
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀалкӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀалкӀарасулъе
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀалкӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀалкӀарасулъа
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀалкӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀалкӀарасулъан
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀалкӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀалкӀарасукь
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀалкӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀалкӀарасукье
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀалкӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀалкӀарасукьа
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀалкӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀалкӀарасукьан
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀалкӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀалкӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀалкӀун
[t͡sʼalkʼun]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀалкӀун
[t͡sˀalkˀun]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀалкӀичӀого
[t͡sˀalkˀit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀалкӀулаго
[t͡sˀalkˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀалкӀуларого
[t͡sˀalkˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀалкӀи
[t͡sˀalkˀi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀалкӀизе
[t͡sˀalkˀize]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀалкӀизавизе
/[t͡sʼalkʼizawize]/
0
|
цӀалкӀизайизе
/[t͡sʼalkʼizajize]/
0
|
цӀалкӀизабизе
/[t͡sˀalkˀizabize]/
0
|
цӀалкӀизаризе
/[t͡sʼalkʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀалкӀизавуларо
/[t͡sʼalkʼizawularo]/
0
|
цӀалкӀизайуларо
/[t͡sʼalkʼizajularo]/
0
|
цӀалкӀизабуларо
/[t͡sˀalkˀizabularo]/
0
|
цӀалкӀизаруларо
/[t͡sʼalkʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀалкӀиаризе
[t͡sˀalkˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀалкӀиариларо
[t͡sˀalkˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀалкӀ-цӀалкӀизе
[t͡sˀalkˀ-t͡sˀalkˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀалкӀ-цӀалкӀиларо
[t͡sˀalkˀ-t͡sˀalkˀilaro]
0
|
|||