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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: harudize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
213258
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[harudulew wugo]/ |
/[harudulej jigo]/ |
/[haruduleb bugo]/ |
/[harudulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[harudulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[harudulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[haruduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[harudulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гьарудана
[harudana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гьарудичӀо
[harudit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гьарудила
[harudila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гьарудиларо
[harudilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гьарудула
[harudula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гьарудуларо
[harudularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гьарудулаан
[harudulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гьарудулароан
[harudularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гьаруде
[harude]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гьарудуге
[haruduge]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Optative |
гьарудеги
[harudegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гьарудугеги
[harudugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гьарудизин
[harudizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гьарудани
[harudani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гьарудичӀони
[harudit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьаруданищ
[harudaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьарудичӀищ
[harudit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гьарудулищ
[haruduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьарудуларищ
[harudulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьарудилищ
[harudiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьарудиларищ
[harudilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гьарударав
/[harudaraw]/
0
|
гьарударай
/[harudaraj]/
0
|
гьарудараб
/[harudarab]/
0
|
гьарударал
/[harudaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гьарудичӀев
/[harudit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гьарудичӀей
/[harudit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гьарудичӀеб
/[harudit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гьарудичӀел
/[harudit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гьарудулев
/[harudulew]/
0
|
гьарудулей
/[harudulej]/
0
|
гьарудулеб
/[haruduleb]/
0
|
гьарудулел
/[harudulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гьарудуларев
/[harudularew]/
0
|
гьарудуларей
/[harudularej]/
0
|
гьарудулареб
/[harudulareb]/
0
|
гьарудуларел
/[harudularel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
гьарудилев
/[harudilew]/
0
|
гьарудилей
/[harudilej]/
0
|
гьарудилеб
/[harudileb]/
0
|
гьарудилел
/[harudilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гьарудиларев
/[harudilarew]/
0
|
гьарудиларей
/[harudilarej]/
0
|
гьарудилареб
/[harudilareb]/
0
|
гьарудиларел
/[harudilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гьарудизехъин
[harudizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гьарудизехъинро
[harudizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гьарудеяв
/[harudejaw]/
0
|
гьарудеяй
/[harudejaj]/
0
|
гьарудеяб
/[harudejab]/
0
|
гьарудеял
/[harudejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гьарударав
0
|
гьарударай
0
|
гьарудараб
0
|
гьарударал
0
|
| Ergative |
гьарударас
0
|
гьарударалъ
0
|
гьарударалъ
0
|
гьарудараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гьарударасул
0
|
гьарударалъул
0
|
гьарударалъул
0
|
гьарударазул
0
|
| Dative |
гьарударасе
0
|
гьарударалъе
0
|
гьарударалъе
0
|
гьарударазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гьарударасда
0
|
гьарударалъда
0
|
гьарударалъда
0
|
гьарударазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гьарударасде
0
|
гьарударалъде
0
|
гьарударалъде
0
|
гьарударазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гьарударасдаса
0
|
гьарударалъдаса
0
|
гьарударалъдаса
0
|
гьарудараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гьарударасдасан
0
|
гьарударалъдасан
0
|
гьарударалъдасан
0
|
гьарудараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гьарударасухъ
0
|
гьарударалъухъ
0
|
гьарударалъухъ
0
|
гьарударазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гьарударасухъе
0
|
гьарударалъухъе
0
|
гьарударалъухъе
0
|
гьарударазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гьарударасухъа
0
|
гьарударалъухъа
0
|
гьарударалъухъа
0
|
гьарударазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гьарударасухъан
0
|
гьарударалъухъан
0
|
гьарударалъухъан
0
|
гьарударазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гьарударасулъ
0
|
гьарударалъулъ
0
|
гьарударалъулъ
0
|
гьарударазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гьарударасулъе
0
|
гьарударалъулъе
0
|
гьарударалъулъе
0
|
гьарударазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гьарударасулъа
0
|
гьарударалъулъа
0
|
гьарударалъулъа
0
|
гьарударазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гьарударасулъан
0
|
гьарударалъулъан
0
|
гьарударалъулъан
0
|
гьарударазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гьарударасукь
0
|
гьарударалъукь
0
|
гьарударалъукь
0
|
гьарударазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гьарударасукье
0
|
гьарударалъукье
0
|
гьарударалъукье
0
|
гьарударазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гьарударасукьа
0
|
гьарударалъукьа
0
|
гьарударалъукьа
0
|
гьарударазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гьарударасукьан
0
|
гьарударалъукьан
0
|
гьарударалъукьан
0
|
гьарударазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гьарудун
[harudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гьарудун
[harudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гьарудичӀого
[harudit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гьарудулаго
[harudulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гьарудуларого
[harudularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гьаруди
[harudi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гьарудизе
[harudize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гьарудизавизе
/[harudizawize]/
0
|
гьарудизайизе
/[harudizajize]/
0
|
гьарудизабизе
/[harudizabize]/
0
|
гьарудизаризе
/[harudizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гьарудизавуларо
/[harudizawularo]/
0
|
гьарудизайуларо
/[harudizajularo]/
0
|
гьарудизабуларо
/[harudizabularo]/
0
|
гьарудизаруларо
/[harudizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гьарудиаризе
[harudijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гьарудиариларо
[harudijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гьаруд-гьарудизе
[harud-harudize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гьаруд-гьарудиларо
[harud-harudilaro]
0
|
|||