Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
разинуть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: hakʼkʼaze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
214023
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[hakˀːalew wugo]/ |
/[hakˀːalej jigo]/ |
/[hakˀːaleb bugo]/ |
/[hakˀːalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[hakˀːalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hakˀːalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hakˀːaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[hakˀːalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гьакӀкӀана
[hakˀːana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гьакӀкӀачӀо
[hakˀːat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гьакӀкӀала
[hakˀːala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гьакӀкӀаларо
[hakˀːalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гьакӀкӀала
[hakˀːala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гьакӀкӀаларо
[hakˀːalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гьакӀкӀалаан
[hakʼːalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гьакӀкӀалароан
[hakʼːalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гьакӀкӀа
[hakˀːa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гьакӀкӀаге
[hakˀːage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гьакӀкӀаги
[hakˀːagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гьакӀкӀагеги
[hakˀːagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гьакӀкӀазин
[hakˀːazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гьакӀкӀани
[hakˀːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гьакӀкӀачӀони
[hakˀːat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьакӀкӀанищ
[hakˀːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьакӀкӀачӀищ
[hakˀːat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гьакӀкӀалищ
[hakˀːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьакӀкӀаларищ
[hakˀːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьакӀкӀалищ
[hakˀːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьакӀкӀаларищ
[hakˀːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гьакӀкӀарав
/[hakˀːaraw]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀарай
/[hakˀːaraj]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀараб
/[hakˀːarab]/
🔒
3
|
гьакӀкӀарал
/[hakˀːaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гьакӀкӀачӀев
/[hakˀːat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀачӀей
/[hakˀːat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀачӀеб
/[hakˀːat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀачӀел
/[hakˀːat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гьакӀкӀалев
/[hakˀːalew]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀалей
/[hakˀːalej]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀалеб
/[hakˀːaleb]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀалел
/[hakˀːalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гьакӀкӀаларев
/[hakˀːalarew]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀаларей
/[hakˀːalarej]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀалареб
/[hakˀːalareb]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀаларел
/[hakˀːalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гьакӀкӀалев
/[hakˀːalew]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀалей
/[hakˀːalej]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀалеб
/[hakˀːaleb]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀалел
/[hakˀːalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гьакӀкӀаларев
/[hakˀːalarew]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀаларей
/[hakˀːalarej]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀалареб
/[hakˀːalareb]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀаларел
/[hakˀːalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гьакӀкӀазехъин
[hakˀːazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гьакӀкӀазехъинро
[hakˀːazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гьакӀкӀаяв
/[hakˀːajaw]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀаяй
/[hakˀːajaj]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀаяб
/[hakˀːajab]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀаял
/[hakʼːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гьакӀкӀарав
0
|
гьакӀкӀарай
0
|
гьакӀкӀараб
3
|
гьакӀкӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
гьакӀкӀарас
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъ
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъ
0
|
гьакӀкӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гьакӀкӀарасул
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъул
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъул
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гьакӀкӀарасе
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъе
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъе
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гьакӀкӀарасда
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъда
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъда
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гьакӀкӀарасде
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъде
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъде
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гьакӀкӀарасдаса
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъдаса
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъдаса
0
|
гьакӀкӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гьакӀкӀарасдасан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъдасан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъдасан
0
|
гьакӀкӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гьакӀкӀарасухъ
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъухъ
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъухъ
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гьакӀкӀарасухъе
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъухъе
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъухъе
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гьакӀкӀарасухъа
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъухъа
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъухъа
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гьакӀкӀарасухъан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъухъан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъухъан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гьакӀкӀарасулъ
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъулъ
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъулъ
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гьакӀкӀарасулъе
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъулъе
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъулъе
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гьакӀкӀарасулъа
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъулъа
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъулъа
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гьакӀкӀарасулъан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъулъан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъулъан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гьакӀкӀарасукь
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъукь
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъукь
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гьакӀкӀарасукье
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъукье
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъукье
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гьакӀкӀарасукьа
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъукьа
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъукьа
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гьакӀкӀарасукьан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъукьан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаралъукьан
0
|
гьакӀкӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гьакӀкӀан
[hakʼːan]
🔒
27
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гьакӀкӀан
[hakˀːan]
🔒
27
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гьакӀкӀачӀого
[hakˀːat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гьакӀкӀалаго
[hakˀːalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гьакӀкӀаларого
[hakˀːalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гьакӀкӀай
[hakˀːaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гьакӀкӀазе
[hakˀːaze]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
гьакӀкӀазавизе
/[hakʼːazawize]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀазайизе
/[hakʼːazajize]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀазабизе
/[hakˀːazabize]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀазаризе
/[hakʼːazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гьакӀкӀазавуларо
/[hakʼːazawularo]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀазайуларо
/[hakʼːazajularo]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀазабуларо
/[hakˀːazabularo]/
0
|
гьакӀкӀазаруларо
/[hakʼːazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гьакӀкӀааризе
[hakˀːajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гьакӀкӀаариларо
[hakˀːajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гьакӀкӀа-гьакӀкӀазе
[hakˀːa-hakˀːaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гьакӀкӀа-гьакӀкӀаларо
[hakˀːa-hakˀːalaro]
0
|
|||