Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
ругать
хулить
честить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: khamize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
216862
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
хьамана
[xamana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хьамичӀо
[xamit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хьамила
[xamila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хьамиларо
[xamilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хьамула
[xamula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хьамуларо
[xamularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хьамулаан
[xamulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хьамулароан
[xamularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хьаме
[xame]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хьамуге
[xamuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хьамеги
[xamegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хьамугеги
[xamugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хьамизин
[xamizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хьамани
[xamani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хьамичӀони
[xamit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хьаманищ
[xamaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хьамичӀищ
[xamit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хьамулищ
[xamuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хьамуларищ
[xamulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хьамилищ
[xamiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хьамиларищ
[xamilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хьамарав
/[xamaraw]/
0
|
хьамарай
/[xamaraj]/
0
|
хьамараб
/[xamarab]/
0
|
хьамарал
/[xamaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хьамичӀев
/[xamit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хьамичӀей
/[xamit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хьамичӀеб
/[xamit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хьамичӀел
/[xamit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хьамулев
/[xamulew]/
0
|
хьамулей
/[xamulej]/
0
|
хьамулеб
/[xamuleb]/
0
|
хьамулел
/[xamulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хьамуларев
/[xamularew]/
0
|
хьамуларей
/[xamularej]/
0
|
хьамулареб
/[xamulareb]/
0
|
хьамуларел
/[xamularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хьамилев
/[xamilew]/
0
|
хьамилей
/[xamilej]/
0
|
хьамилеб
/[xamileb]/
0
|
хьамилел
/[xamilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хьамиларев
/[xamilarew]/
0
|
хьамиларей
/[xamilarej]/
0
|
хьамилареб
/[xamilareb]/
0
|
хьамиларел
/[xamilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хьамизехъин
[xamizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хьамизехъинро
[xamizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хьамеяв
/[xamejaw]/
0
|
хьамеяй
/[xamejaj]/
0
|
хьамеяб
/[xamejab]/
0
|
хьамеял
/[xamejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хьамарав
0
|
хьамарай
0
|
хьамараб
0
|
хьамарал
0
|
| Ergative |
хьамарас
0
|
хьамаралъ
0
|
хьамаралъ
0
|
хьамараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хьамарасул
0
|
хьамаралъул
0
|
хьамаралъул
0
|
хьамаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хьамарасе
0
|
хьамаралъе
0
|
хьамаралъе
0
|
хьамаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хьамарасда
0
|
хьамаралъда
0
|
хьамаралъда
0
|
хьамаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хьамарасде
0
|
хьамаралъде
0
|
хьамаралъде
0
|
хьамаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хьамарасдаса
0
|
хьамаралъдаса
0
|
хьамаралъдаса
0
|
хьамараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хьамарасдасан
0
|
хьамаралъдасан
0
|
хьамаралъдасан
0
|
хьамараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хьамарасухъ
0
|
хьамаралъухъ
0
|
хьамаралъухъ
0
|
хьамаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хьамарасухъе
0
|
хьамаралъухъе
0
|
хьамаралъухъе
0
|
хьамаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хьамарасухъа
0
|
хьамаралъухъа
0
|
хьамаралъухъа
0
|
хьамаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хьамарасухъан
0
|
хьамаралъухъан
0
|
хьамаралъухъан
0
|
хьамаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хьамарасулъ
0
|
хьамаралъулъ
0
|
хьамаралъулъ
0
|
хьамаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хьамарасулъе
0
|
хьамаралъулъе
0
|
хьамаралъулъе
0
|
хьамаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хьамарасулъа
0
|
хьамаралъулъа
0
|
хьамаралъулъа
0
|
хьамаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хьамарасулъан
0
|
хьамаралъулъан
0
|
хьамаралъулъан
0
|
хьамаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хьамарасукь
0
|
хьамаралъукь
0
|
хьамаралъукь
0
|
хьамаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хьамарасукье
0
|
хьамаралъукье
0
|
хьамаралъукье
0
|
хьамаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хьамарасукьа
0
|
хьамаралъукьа
0
|
хьамаралъукьа
0
|
хьамаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хьамарасукьан
0
|
хьамаралъукьан
0
|
хьамаралъукьан
0
|
хьамаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хьамун
[xamun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хьамун
[xamun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хьамичӀого
[xamit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хьамулаго
[xamulago]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хьамуларого
[xamularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хьами
[xami]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хьамизе
[xamize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
хьамизавизе
/[xamizawize]/
0
|
хьамизайизе
/[xamizajize]/
0
|
хьамизабизе
/[xamizabize]/
0
|
хьамизаризе
/[xamizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хьамизавуларо
/[xamizawularo]/
0
|
хьамизайуларо
/[xamizajularo]/
0
|
хьамизабуларо
/[xamizabularo]/
0
|
хьамизаруларо
/[xamizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хьамиаризе
[xamijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хьамиариларо
[xamijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хьам-хьамизе
[xam-xamize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хьам-хьамиларо
[xam-xamilaro]
0
|
|||