Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
сверкать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVCC.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: kʼunch'-kunch'ize
Derivational Type
- Other derivation Not specified: from кунчӀизе
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
217651
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulew wugo]/ |
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulej jigo]/ |
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀuleb bugo]/ |
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀана
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀичӀо
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀила
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀиларо
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀула
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀуларо
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀулаан
[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀулароан
[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀе
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀуге
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀеги
[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀугеги
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизин
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀани
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀичӀони
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀанищ
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀичӀищ
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀулищ
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀуларищ
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀилищ
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀиларищ
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарав
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀaraw]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарай
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀaraj]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀараб
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀarab]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарал
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀичӀев
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀичӀей
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀичӀеб
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀичӀел
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀулев
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulew]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀулей
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulej]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀулеб
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀuleb]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀулел
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀуларев
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀularew]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀуларей
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀularej]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀулареб
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulareb]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀуларел
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀилев
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilew]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀилей
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilej]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀилеб
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀileb]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀилел
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀиларев
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilarew]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀиларей
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilarej]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀилареб
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilareb]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀиларел
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизехъин
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизехъинро
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀеяв
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀejaw]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀеяй
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀejaj]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀеяб
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀejab]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀеял
/[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарав
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарай
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀараб
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарас
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъ
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъ
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасул
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъул
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъул
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасе
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъе
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъе
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасда
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъда
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъда
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасде
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъде
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъде
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасдаса
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъдаса
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъдаса
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасдасан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъдасан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъдасан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасухъ
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъухъ
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъухъ
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасухъе
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъухъе
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъухъе
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасухъа
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъухъа
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъухъа
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасухъан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъухъан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъухъан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасулъ
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъулъ
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъулъ
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасулъе
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъулъе
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъулъе
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасулъа
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъулъа
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъулъа
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасулъан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъулъан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъулъан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасукь
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъукь
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъукь
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасукье
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъукье
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъукье
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасукьа
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъукьа
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъукьа
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀарасукьан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъукьан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаралъукьан
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀун
[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀун
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀичӀого
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀулаго
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀуларого
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀи
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизе
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизавизе
/[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼizawize]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизайизе
/[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼizajize]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизабизе
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀizabize]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизаризе
/[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизавуларо
/[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼizawularo]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизайуларо
/[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼizajularo]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизабуларо
/[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀizabularo]/
0
|
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизаруларо
/[kʼunt͡ʃʼ-kʰunt͡ʃʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀиаризе
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀиариларо
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀ-кӀунчӀ-кунчӀизе
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀ-kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кӀунчӀ-кунчӀ-кӀунчӀ-кунчӀиларо
[kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀ-kˀunt͡ʃˀ-kʰunt͡ʃˀilaro]
0
|
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