Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
сгрести
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: qashtʼize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
218056
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulew wugo]/ |
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulej jigo]/ |
/[q͡χːaʃtˀuleb bugo]/ |
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːaʃtˀuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хъаштӀана
[q͡χːaʃtˀana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хъаштӀичӀо
[q͡χːaʃtˀit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хъаштӀила
[q͡χːaʃtˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хъаштӀиларо
[q͡χːaʃtˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хъаштӀула
[q͡χːaʃtˀula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хъаштӀуларо
[q͡χːaʃtˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъаштӀулаан
[q͡χːaʃtʼulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хъаштӀулароан
[q͡χːaʃtʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъаштӀе
[q͡χːaʃtˀe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъаштӀуге
[q͡χːaʃtˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хъаштӀеги
[q͡χːaʃtʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъаштӀугеги
[q͡χːaʃtˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хъаштӀизин
[q͡χːaʃtˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъаштӀани
[q͡χːaʃtˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хъаштӀичӀони
[q͡χːaʃtˀit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъаштӀанищ
[q͡χːaʃtˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъаштӀичӀищ
[q͡χːaʃtˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъаштӀулищ
[q͡χːaʃtˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъаштӀуларищ
[q͡χːaʃtˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъаштӀилищ
[q͡χːaʃtˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъаштӀиларищ
[q͡χːaʃtˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъаштӀарав
/[q͡χːaʃtˀaraw]/
0
|
хъаштӀарай
/[q͡χːaʃtˀaraj]/
0
|
хъаштӀараб
/[q͡χːaʃtˀarab]/
0
|
хъаштӀарал
/[q͡χːaʃtˀaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъаштӀичӀев
/[q͡χːaʃtˀit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хъаштӀичӀей
/[q͡χːaʃtˀit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хъаштӀичӀеб
/[q͡χːaʃtˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хъаштӀичӀел
/[q͡χːaʃtˀit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хъаштӀулев
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulew]/
0
|
хъаштӀулей
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulej]/
0
|
хъаштӀулеб
/[q͡χːaʃtˀuleb]/
0
|
хъаштӀулел
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъаштӀуларев
/[q͡χːaʃtˀularew]/
0
|
хъаштӀуларей
/[q͡χːaʃtˀularej]/
0
|
хъаштӀулареб
/[q͡χːaʃtˀulareb]/
0
|
хъаштӀуларел
/[q͡χːaʃtˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хъаштӀилев
/[q͡χːaʃtˀilew]/
0
|
хъаштӀилей
/[q͡χːaʃtˀilej]/
0
|
хъаштӀилеб
/[q͡χːaʃtˀileb]/
0
|
хъаштӀилел
/[q͡χːaʃtˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъаштӀиларев
/[q͡χːaʃtˀilarew]/
0
|
хъаштӀиларей
/[q͡χːaʃtˀilarej]/
0
|
хъаштӀилареб
/[q͡χːaʃtˀilareb]/
0
|
хъаштӀиларел
/[q͡χːaʃtˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъаштӀизехъин
[q͡χːaʃtˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъаштӀизехъинро
[q͡χːaʃtˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хъаштӀеяв
/[q͡χːaʃtˀejaw]/
0
|
хъаштӀеяй
/[q͡χːaʃtˀejaj]/
0
|
хъаштӀеяб
/[q͡χːaʃtˀejab]/
0
|
хъаштӀеял
/[q͡χːaʃtʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъаштӀарав
0
|
хъаштӀарай
0
|
хъаштӀараб
0
|
хъаштӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
хъаштӀарас
0
|
хъаштӀаралъ
0
|
хъаштӀаралъ
0
|
хъаштӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хъаштӀарасул
0
|
хъаштӀаралъул
0
|
хъаштӀаралъул
0
|
хъаштӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хъаштӀарасе
0
|
хъаштӀаралъе
0
|
хъаштӀаралъе
0
|
хъаштӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъаштӀарасда
0
|
хъаштӀаралъда
0
|
хъаштӀаралъда
0
|
хъаштӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъаштӀарасде
0
|
хъаштӀаралъде
0
|
хъаштӀаралъде
0
|
хъаштӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъаштӀарасдаса
0
|
хъаштӀаралъдаса
0
|
хъаштӀаралъдаса
0
|
хъаштӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъаштӀарасдасан
0
|
хъаштӀаралъдасан
0
|
хъаштӀаралъдасан
0
|
хъаштӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъаштӀарасухъ
0
|
хъаштӀаралъухъ
0
|
хъаштӀаралъухъ
0
|
хъаштӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъаштӀарасухъе
0
|
хъаштӀаралъухъе
0
|
хъаштӀаралъухъе
0
|
хъаштӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъаштӀарасухъа
0
|
хъаштӀаралъухъа
0
|
хъаштӀаралъухъа
0
|
хъаштӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъаштӀарасухъан
0
|
хъаштӀаралъухъан
0
|
хъаштӀаралъухъан
0
|
хъаштӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъаштӀарасулъ
0
|
хъаштӀаралъулъ
0
|
хъаштӀаралъулъ
0
|
хъаштӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъаштӀарасулъе
0
|
хъаштӀаралъулъе
0
|
хъаштӀаралъулъе
0
|
хъаштӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъаштӀарасулъа
0
|
хъаштӀаралъулъа
0
|
хъаштӀаралъулъа
0
|
хъаштӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъаштӀарасулъан
0
|
хъаштӀаралъулъан
0
|
хъаштӀаралъулъан
0
|
хъаштӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъаштӀарасукь
0
|
хъаштӀаралъукь
0
|
хъаштӀаралъукь
0
|
хъаштӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъаштӀарасукье
0
|
хъаштӀаралъукье
0
|
хъаштӀаралъукье
0
|
хъаштӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъаштӀарасукьа
0
|
хъаштӀаралъукьа
0
|
хъаштӀаралъукьа
0
|
хъаштӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъаштӀарасукьан
0
|
хъаштӀаралъукьан
0
|
хъаштӀаралъукьан
0
|
хъаштӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъаштӀун
[q͡χːaʃtʼun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хъаштӀун
[q͡χːaʃtˀun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъаштӀичӀого
[q͡χːaʃtˀit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хъаштӀулаго
[q͡χːaʃtˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъаштӀуларого
[q͡χːaʃtˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъаштӀи
[q͡χːaʃtˀi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хъаштӀизе
[q͡χːaʃtˀize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
хъаштӀизавизе
/[q͡χːaʃtʼizawize]/
0
|
хъаштӀизайизе
/[q͡χːaʃtʼizajize]/
0
|
хъаштӀизабизе
/[q͡χːaʃtˀizabize]/
0
|
хъаштӀизаризе
/[q͡χːaʃtʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хъаштӀизавуларо
/[q͡χːaʃtʼizawularo]/
0
|
хъаштӀизайуларо
/[q͡χːaʃtʼizajularo]/
0
|
хъаштӀизабуларо
/[q͡χːaʃtˀizabularo]/
0
|
хъаштӀизаруларо
/[q͡χːaʃtʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хъаштӀиаризе
[q͡χːaʃtˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хъаштӀиариларо
[q͡χːaʃtˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хъаштӀ-хъаштӀизе
[q͡χːaʃtˀ-q͡χːaʃtˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хъаштӀ-хъаштӀиларо
[q͡χːaʃtˀ-q͡χːaʃtˀilaro]
0
|
|||