Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
сереть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ts'ahhillhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
218427
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaħilɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaħilɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
цӀахӀиллъана
[t͡sˀaħilɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀахӀиллъичӀо
[t͡sˀaħilɬit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀахӀиллъила
[t͡sˀaħilɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀахӀиллъиларо
[t͡sˀaħilɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀахӀиллъула
[t͡sˀaħilɬula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀахӀиллъуларо
[t͡sˀaħilɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀахӀиллъулаан
[t͡sʼaħilɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀахӀиллъулароан
[t͡sʼaħilɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀахӀиллъе
[t͡sˀaħilɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀахӀиллъуге
[t͡sˀaħilɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀахӀиллъеги
[t͡sʼaħilɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀахӀиллъугеги
[t͡sˀaħilɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀахӀиллъизин
[t͡sˀaħilɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀахӀиллъани
[t͡sˀaħilɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀахӀиллъичӀони
[t͡sˀaħilɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀахӀиллъанищ
[t͡sˀaħilɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀахӀиллъичӀищ
[t͡sˀaħilɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀахӀиллъулищ
[t͡sˀaħilɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀахӀиллъуларищ
[t͡sˀaħilɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀахӀиллъилищ
[t͡sˀaħilɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀахӀиллъиларищ
[t͡sˀaħilɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀахӀиллъарав
/[t͡sˀaħilɬaraw]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъарай
/[t͡sˀaħilɬaraj]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъараб
/[t͡sˀaħilɬarab]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъарал
/[t͡sˀaħilɬaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀахӀиллъичӀев
/[t͡sˀaħilɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъичӀей
/[t͡sˀaħilɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъичӀеб
/[t͡sˀaħilɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъичӀел
/[t͡sˀaħilɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀахӀиллъулев
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulew]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъулей
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulej]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъулеб
/[t͡sˀaħilɬuleb]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъулел
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀахӀиллъуларев
/[t͡sˀaħilɬularew]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъуларей
/[t͡sˀaħilɬularej]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъулареб
/[t͡sˀaħilɬulareb]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъуларел
/[t͡sˀaħilɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀахӀиллъилев
/[t͡sˀaħilɬilew]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъилей
/[t͡sˀaħilɬilej]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъилеб
/[t͡sˀaħilɬileb]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъилел
/[t͡sˀaħilɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀахӀиллъиларев
/[t͡sˀaħilɬilarew]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъиларей
/[t͡sˀaħilɬilarej]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъилареб
/[t͡sˀaħilɬilareb]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъиларел
/[t͡sˀaħilɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀахӀиллъизехъин
[t͡sˀaħilɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀахӀиллъизехъинро
[t͡sˀaħilɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀахӀиллъеяв
/[t͡sˀaħilɬejaw]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъеяй
/[t͡sˀaħilɬejaj]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъеяб
/[t͡sˀaħilɬejab]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъеял
/[t͡sʼaħilɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀахӀиллъарав
0
|
цӀахӀиллъарай
0
|
цӀахӀиллъараб
0
|
цӀахӀиллъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀахӀиллъарас
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъ
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъ
0
|
цӀахӀиллъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀахӀиллъарасул
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъул
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъул
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀахӀиллъарасе
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъе
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъе
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀахӀиллъарасда
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъда
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъда
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀахӀиллъарасде
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъде
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъде
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀахӀиллъарасдаса
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъдаса
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъдаса
0
|
цӀахӀиллъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀахӀиллъарасдасан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъдасан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъдасан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀахӀиллъарасухъ
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъухъ
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъухъ
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀахӀиллъарасухъе
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъухъе
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъухъе
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀахӀиллъарасухъа
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъухъа
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъухъа
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀахӀиллъарасухъан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъухъан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъухъан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀахӀиллъарасулъ
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъулъ
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъулъ
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀахӀиллъарасулъе
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъулъе
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъулъе
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀахӀиллъарасулъа
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъулъа
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъулъа
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀахӀиллъарасулъан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъулъан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъулъан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀахӀиллъарасукь
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъукь
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъукь
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀахӀиллъарасукье
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъукье
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъукье
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀахӀиллъарасукьа
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъукьа
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъукьа
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀахӀиллъарасукьан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъукьан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаралъукьан
0
|
цӀахӀиллъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀахӀиллъун
[t͡sʼaħilɬun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀахӀиллъун
[t͡sˀaħilɬun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀахӀиллъичӀого
[t͡sˀaħilɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀахӀиллъулаго
[t͡sˀaħilɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀахӀиллъуларого
[t͡sˀaħilɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀахӀиллъи
[t͡sˀaħilɬi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀахӀиллъизе
[t͡sˀaħilɬize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀахӀиллъизавизе
/[t͡sʼaħilɬizawize]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъизайизе
/[t͡sʼaħilɬizajize]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъизабизе
/[t͡sˀaħilɬizabize]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъизаризе
/[t͡sʼaħilɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀахӀиллъизавуларо
/[t͡sʼaħilɬizawularo]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъизайуларо
/[t͡sʼaħilɬizajularo]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъизабуларо
/[t͡sˀaħilɬizabularo]/
0
|
цӀахӀиллъизаруларо
/[t͡sʼaħilɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀахӀиллъиаризе
[t͡sˀaħilɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀахӀиллъиариларо
[t͡sˀaħilɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀахӀиллъ-цӀахӀиллъизе
[t͡sˀaħilɬ-t͡sˀaħilɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀахӀиллъ-цӀахӀиллъиларо
[t͡sˀaħilɬ-t͡sˀaħilɬilaro]
0
|
|||