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🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tʼupize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
218482
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
тӀупана
[tˀupana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тӀупичӀо
[tˀupit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тӀупила
[tˀupila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀупиларо
[tˀupilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тӀупула
[tˀupula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тӀупуларо
[tˀupularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀупулаан
[tʼupulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀупулароан
[tʼupularojan]
0
|
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|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀупе
[tˀupe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀупуге
[tˀupuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тӀупеги
[tʼupegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀупугеги
[tˀupugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тӀупизин
[tˀupizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
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| Conditional |
тӀупани
[tˀupani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тӀупичӀони
[tˀupit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупанищ
[tˀupaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупичӀищ
[tˀupit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупулищ
[tˀupuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупуларищ
[tˀupulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупилищ
[tˀupiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупиларищ
[tˀupilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀупарав
/[tˀuparaw]/
0
|
тӀупарай
/[tˀuparaj]/
0
|
тӀупараб
/[tˀuparab]/
🔒
5
|
тӀупарал
/[tˀuparal]/
🔒
4
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀупичӀев
/[tˀupit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
тӀупичӀей
/[tˀupit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
тӀупичӀеб
/[tˀupit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
тӀупичӀел
/[tˀupit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀупулев
/[tˀupulew]/
0
|
тӀупулей
/[tˀupulej]/
0
|
тӀупулеб
/[tˀupuleb]/
🔒
1
|
тӀупулел
/[tˀupulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀупуларев
/[tˀupularew]/
0
|
тӀупуларей
/[tˀupularej]/
0
|
тӀупулареб
/[tˀupulareb]/
0
|
тӀупуларел
/[tˀupularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀупилев
/[tˀupilew]/
0
|
тӀупилей
/[tˀupilej]/
0
|
тӀупилеб
/[tˀupileb]/
0
|
тӀупилел
/[tˀupilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀупиларев
/[tˀupilarew]/
0
|
тӀупиларей
/[tˀupilarej]/
0
|
тӀупилареб
/[tˀupilareb]/
0
|
тӀупиларел
/[tˀupilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀупизехъин
[tˀupizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀупизехъинро
[tˀupizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тӀупеяв
/[tˀupejaw]/
0
|
тӀупеяй
/[tˀupejaj]/
0
|
тӀупеяб
/[tˀupejab]/
0
|
тӀупеял
/[tʼupejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀупарав
0
|
тӀупарай
0
|
тӀупараб
5
|
тӀупарал
4
|
| Ergative |
тӀупарас
0
|
тӀупаралъ
0
|
тӀупаралъ
0
|
тӀупараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀупарасул
1
|
тӀупаралъул
0
|
тӀупаралъул
0
|
тӀупаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀупарасе
0
|
тӀупаралъе
0
|
тӀупаралъе
0
|
тӀупаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀупарасда
0
|
тӀупаралъда
0
|
тӀупаралъда
0
|
тӀупаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀупарасде
0
|
тӀупаралъде
0
|
тӀупаралъде
0
|
тӀупаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀупарасдаса
0
|
тӀупаралъдаса
0
|
тӀупаралъдаса
0
|
тӀупараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀупарасдасан
0
|
тӀупаралъдасан
0
|
тӀупаралъдасан
0
|
тӀупараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀупарасухъ
0
|
тӀупаралъухъ
0
|
тӀупаралъухъ
0
|
тӀупаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀупарасухъе
0
|
тӀупаралъухъе
0
|
тӀупаралъухъе
0
|
тӀупаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀупарасухъа
0
|
тӀупаралъухъа
0
|
тӀупаралъухъа
0
|
тӀупаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀупарасухъан
0
|
тӀупаралъухъан
0
|
тӀупаралъухъан
0
|
тӀупаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀупарасулъ
0
|
тӀупаралъулъ
0
|
тӀупаралъулъ
0
|
тӀупаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀупарасулъе
0
|
тӀупаралъулъе
0
|
тӀупаралъулъе
0
|
тӀупаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀупарасулъа
0
|
тӀупаралъулъа
0
|
тӀупаралъулъа
0
|
тӀупаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀупарасулъан
0
|
тӀупаралъулъан
0
|
тӀупаралъулъан
0
|
тӀупаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀупарасукь
0
|
тӀупаралъукь
0
|
тӀупаралъукь
0
|
тӀупаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀупарасукье
0
|
тӀупаралъукье
0
|
тӀупаралъукье
0
|
тӀупаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀупарасукьа
0
|
тӀупаралъукьа
0
|
тӀупаралъукьа
0
|
тӀупаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀупарасукьан
0
|
тӀупаралъукьан
0
|
тӀупаралъукьан
0
|
тӀупаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀупун
[tʼupun]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тӀупун
[tˀupun]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀупичӀого
[tˀupit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тӀупулаго
[tˀupulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀупуларого
[tˀupularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀупи
[tˀupi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тӀупизе
[tˀupize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
тӀупизавизе
/[tʼupizawize]/
0
|
тӀупизайизе
/[tʼupizajize]/
0
|
тӀупизабизе
/[tˀupizabize]/
0
|
тӀупизаризе
/[tʼupizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тӀупизавуларо
/[tʼupizawularo]/
0
|
тӀупизайуларо
/[tʼupizajularo]/
0
|
тӀупизабуларо
/[tˀupizabularo]/
0
|
тӀупизаруларо
/[tʼupizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тӀупиаризе
[tˀupijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тӀупиариларо
[tˀupijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тӀуп-тӀупизе
[tˀup-tˀupize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀуп-тӀупиларо
[tˀup-tˀupilaro]
0
|
|||