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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: khaduvine
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
219430
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
хадувана
[χaduwana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хадувинчӀо
[χaduwint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хадувина
[χaduwina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хадувинаро
[χaduwinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хадувуна
[χaduwuna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хадувунаро
[χaduwunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
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| Remote Present |
—
0
|
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хадувунаан
[χaduwunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хадувунароан
[χaduwunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хадува
[χaduwa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хадувунге
[χaduwunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хадуваги
[χaduwagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хадувунгеги
[χaduwungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хадувинин
[χaduwinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хадувани
[χaduwani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хадувинчӀони
[χaduwint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хадуванищ
[χaduwaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хадувинчӀищ
[χaduwint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хадувунищ
[χaduwuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хадувунарищ
[χaduwunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хадувинищ
[χaduwiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хадувинарищ
[χaduwinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хадуварав
/[χaduwaraw]/
0
|
хадуварай
/[χaduwaraj]/
0
|
хадувараб
/[χaduwarab]/
0
|
хадуварал
/[χaduwaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хадувинчӀев
/[χaduwint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
хадувинчӀей
/[χaduwint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
хадувинчӀеб
/[χaduwint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
хадувинчӀел
/[χaduwint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хадувунев
/[χaduwunew]/
0
|
хадувуней
/[χaduwunej]/
0
|
хадувунеб
/[χaduwuneb]/
0
|
хадувунел
/[χaduwunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хадувунарев
/[χaduwunarew]/
0
|
хадувунарей
/[χaduwunarej]/
0
|
хадувунареб
/[χaduwunareb]/
0
|
хадувунарел
/[χaduwunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хадувинев
/[χaduwinew]/
0
|
хадувиней
/[χaduwinej]/
0
|
хадувинеб
/[χaduwineb]/
0
|
хадувинел
/[χaduwinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хадувинарев
/[χaduwinarew]/
0
|
хадувинарей
/[χaduwinarej]/
0
|
хадувинареб
/[χaduwinareb]/
0
|
хадувинарел
/[χaduwinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хадувинехъин
[χaduwineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хадувинехъинро
[χaduwineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хадуваяв
/[χaduwajaw]/
0
|
хадуваяй
/[χaduwajaj]/
0
|
хадуваяб
/[χaduwajab]/
0
|
хадуваял
/[χaduwajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хадуварав
0
|
хадуварай
0
|
хадувараб
0
|
хадуварал
0
|
| Ergative |
хадуварас
0
|
хадуваралъ
0
|
хадуваралъ
0
|
хадувараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хадуварасул
0
|
хадуваралъул
0
|
хадуваралъул
0
|
хадуваразул
0
|
| Dative |
хадуварасе
0
|
хадуваралъе
0
|
хадуваралъе
0
|
хадуваразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хадуварасда
0
|
хадуваралъда
0
|
хадуваралъда
0
|
хадуваразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хадуварасде
0
|
хадуваралъде
0
|
хадуваралъде
0
|
хадуваразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хадуварасдаса
0
|
хадуваралъдаса
0
|
хадуваралъдаса
0
|
хадувараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хадуварасдасан
0
|
хадуваралъдасан
0
|
хадуваралъдасан
0
|
хадувараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хадуварасухъ
0
|
хадуваралъухъ
0
|
хадуваралъухъ
0
|
хадуваразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хадуварасухъе
0
|
хадуваралъухъе
0
|
хадуваралъухъе
0
|
хадуваразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хадуварасухъа
0
|
хадуваралъухъа
0
|
хадуваралъухъа
0
|
хадуваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хадуварасухъан
0
|
хадуваралъухъан
0
|
хадуваралъухъан
0
|
хадуваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хадуварасулъ
0
|
хадуваралъулъ
0
|
хадуваралъулъ
0
|
хадуваразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хадуварасулъе
0
|
хадуваралъулъе
0
|
хадуваралъулъе
0
|
хадуваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хадуварасулъа
0
|
хадуваралъулъа
0
|
хадуваралъулъа
0
|
хадуваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хадуварасулъан
0
|
хадуваралъулъан
0
|
хадуваралъулъан
0
|
хадуваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хадуварасукь
0
|
хадуваралъукь
0
|
хадуваралъукь
0
|
хадуваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хадуварасукье
0
|
хадуваралъукье
0
|
хадуваралъукье
0
|
хадуваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хадуварасукьа
0
|
хадуваралъукьа
0
|
хадуваралъукьа
0
|
хадуваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хадуварасукьан
0
|
хадуваралъукьан
0
|
хадуваралъукьан
0
|
хадуваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хадувун
[χaduwun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хадувун
[χaduwun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хадувинчӀого
[χaduwint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хадувунаго
[χaduwunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хадувунарого
[χaduwunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хадувин
[χaduwin]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хадувине
[χaduwine]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
хадувинавизе
/[χaduwinawize]/
🔒
0
|
хадувинайизе
/[χaduwinajize]/
0
|
хадувинабизе
/[χaduwinabize]/
🔒
0
|
хадувинаризе
/[χaduwinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хадувинавуларо
/[χaduwinawularo]/
0
|
хадувинайуларо
/[χaduwinajularo]/
0
|
хадувинабуларо
/[χaduwinabularo]/
0
|
хадувинаруларо
/[χaduwinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хадуванхъизе
[χaduwanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хадуванхъиларо
[χaduwanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хадув-хадувине
[χaduw-χaduwine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хадув-хадувинаро
[χaduw-χaduwinaro]
0
|
|||