Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: kalaze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
220837
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
калана
[kʰalana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
калачӀо
[kʰalat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
калала
[kʰalala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
калаларо
[kʰalalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
калала
[kʰalala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
калаларо
[kʰalalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
калалаан
[kʰalalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
калалароан
[kʰalalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кала
[kʰala]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
калаге
[kʰalage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
калаги
[kʰalagi]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
калагеги
[kʰalagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
калазин
[kʰalazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
калани
[kʰalani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
калачӀони
[kʰalat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
каланищ
[kʰalaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
калачӀищ
[kʰalat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
калалищ
[kʰalaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
калаларищ
[kʰalalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
калалищ
[kʰalaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
калаларищ
[kʰalalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
каларав
/[kʰalaraw]/
0
|
каларай
/[kʰalaraj]/
0
|
калараб
/[kʰalarab]/
0
|
каларал
/[kʰalaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
калачӀев
/[kʰalat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
калачӀей
/[kʰalat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
калачӀеб
/[kʰalat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
калачӀел
/[kʰalat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
калалев
/[kʰalalew]/
0
|
калалей
/[kʰalalej]/
0
|
калалеб
/[kʰalaleb]/
0
|
калалел
/[kʰalalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
калаларев
/[kʰalalarew]/
0
|
калаларей
/[kʰalalarej]/
0
|
калалареб
/[kʰalalareb]/
0
|
калаларел
/[kʰalalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
калалев
/[kʰalalew]/
0
|
калалей
/[kʰalalej]/
0
|
калалеб
/[kʰalaleb]/
0
|
калалел
/[kʰalalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
калаларев
/[kʰalalarew]/
0
|
калаларей
/[kʰalalarej]/
0
|
калалареб
/[kʰalalareb]/
0
|
калаларел
/[kʰalalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
калазехъин
[kʰalazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
калазехъинро
[kʰalazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
калаяв
/[kʰalajaw]/
0
|
калаяй
/[kʰalajaj]/
0
|
калаяб
/[kʰalajab]/
0
|
калаял
/[kʰalajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
каларав
0
|
каларай
0
|
калараб
0
|
каларал
0
|
| Ergative |
каларас
0
|
каларалъ
0
|
каларалъ
0
|
калараз
0
|
| Genitive |
каларасул
0
|
каларалъул
0
|
каларалъул
0
|
каларазул
0
|
| Dative |
каларасе
0
|
каларалъе
0
|
каларалъе
0
|
каларазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
каларасда
0
|
каларалъда
0
|
каларалъда
0
|
каларазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
каларасде
0
|
каларалъде
0
|
каларалъде
0
|
каларазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
каларасдаса
0
|
каларалъдаса
0
|
каларалъдаса
0
|
калараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
каларасдасан
0
|
каларалъдасан
0
|
каларалъдасан
0
|
калараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
каларасухъ
0
|
каларалъухъ
0
|
каларалъухъ
0
|
каларазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
каларасухъе
0
|
каларалъухъе
0
|
каларалъухъе
0
|
каларазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
каларасухъа
0
|
каларалъухъа
0
|
каларалъухъа
0
|
каларазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
каларасухъан
0
|
каларалъухъан
0
|
каларалъухъан
0
|
каларазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
каларасулъ
0
|
каларалъулъ
0
|
каларалъулъ
0
|
каларазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
каларасулъе
0
|
каларалъулъе
0
|
каларалъулъе
0
|
каларазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
каларасулъа
0
|
каларалъулъа
0
|
каларалъулъа
0
|
каларазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
каларасулъан
0
|
каларалъулъан
0
|
каларалъулъан
0
|
каларазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
каларасукь
0
|
каларалъукь
0
|
каларалъукь
0
|
каларазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
каларасукье
0
|
каларалъукье
0
|
каларалъукье
0
|
каларазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
каларасукьа
0
|
каларалъукьа
0
|
каларалъукьа
0
|
каларазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
каларасукьан
0
|
каларалъукьан
0
|
каларалъукьан
0
|
каларазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
калан
[kʰalan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
калан
[kʰalan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
калачӀого
[kʰalat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
калалаго
[kʰalalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
калаларого
[kʰalalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
калай
[kʰalaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
калазе
[kʰalaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
калазавизе
/[kʰalazawize]/
0
|
калазайизе
/[kʰalazajize]/
0
|
калазабизе
/[kʰalazabize]/
0
|
калазаризе
/[kʰalazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
калазавуларо
/[kʰalazawularo]/
0
|
калазайуларо
/[kʰalazajularo]/
0
|
калазабуларо
/[kʰalazabularo]/
0
|
калазаруларо
/[kʰalazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
калааризе
[kʰalajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
калаариларо
[kʰalajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кала-калазе
[kʰala-kʰalaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кала-калаларо
[kʰala-kʰalalaro]
0
|
|||