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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ch'vartl'eze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
224868
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːoleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːoleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
чӀваркьена
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀваркьечӀо
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀваркьела
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀваркьеларо
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀваркьола
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːola]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чӀваркьоларо
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀваркьолаан
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀваркьолароан
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀваркье
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀваркьоге
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːoge]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀваркьеги
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀваркьогеги
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːogegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀваркьезин
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀваркьени
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːeni]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀваркьечӀони
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼoni]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀваркьенищ
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀваркьечӀищ
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀваркьолищ
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀваркьоларищ
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀваркьелищ
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀваркьеларищ
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀваркьерав
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːeraw]/
0
|
чӀваркьерай
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːeraj]/
0
|
чӀваркьераб
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːerab]/
0
|
чӀваркьерал
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀваркьечӀев
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
чӀваркьечӀей
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
чӀваркьечӀеб
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
чӀваркьечӀел
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀваркьолев
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolew]/
0
|
чӀваркьолей
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolej]/
0
|
чӀваркьолеб
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːoleb]/
0
|
чӀваркьолел
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀваркьоларев
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolarew]/
0
|
чӀваркьоларей
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolarej]/
0
|
чӀваркьолареб
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolareb]/
0
|
чӀваркьоларел
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀваркьелев
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelew]/
0
|
чӀваркьелей
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelej]/
0
|
чӀваркьелеб
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːeleb]/
0
|
чӀваркьелел
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀваркьеларев
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelarew]/
0
|
чӀваркьеларей
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelarej]/
0
|
чӀваркьелареб
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelareb]/
0
|
чӀваркьеларел
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀваркьезехъин
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezeq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀваркьезехъинро
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀваркьеяв
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːejaw]/
0
|
чӀваркьеяй
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːejaj]/
0
|
чӀваркьеяб
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːejab]/
0
|
чӀваркьеял
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀваркьерав
0
|
чӀваркьерай
0
|
чӀваркьераб
0
|
чӀваркьерал
0
|
| Ergative |
чӀваркьерас
0
|
чӀваркьералъ
0
|
чӀваркьералъ
0
|
чӀваркьераз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀваркьерасул
0
|
чӀваркьералъул
0
|
чӀваркьералъул
0
|
чӀваркьеразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀваркьерасе
0
|
чӀваркьералъе
0
|
чӀваркьералъе
0
|
чӀваркьеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀваркьерасда
0
|
чӀваркьералъда
0
|
чӀваркьералъда
0
|
чӀваркьеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀваркьерасде
0
|
чӀваркьералъде
0
|
чӀваркьералъде
0
|
чӀваркьеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀваркьерасдаса
0
|
чӀваркьералъдаса
0
|
чӀваркьералъдаса
0
|
чӀваркьераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀваркьерасдасан
0
|
чӀваркьералъдасан
0
|
чӀваркьералъдасан
0
|
чӀваркьераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀваркьерасухъ
0
|
чӀваркьералъухъ
0
|
чӀваркьералъухъ
0
|
чӀваркьеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀваркьерасухъе
0
|
чӀваркьералъухъе
0
|
чӀваркьералъухъе
0
|
чӀваркьеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀваркьерасухъа
0
|
чӀваркьералъухъа
0
|
чӀваркьералъухъа
0
|
чӀваркьеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀваркьерасухъан
0
|
чӀваркьералъухъан
0
|
чӀваркьералъухъан
0
|
чӀваркьеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀваркьерасулъ
0
|
чӀваркьералъулъ
0
|
чӀваркьералъулъ
0
|
чӀваркьеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀваркьерасулъе
0
|
чӀваркьералъулъе
0
|
чӀваркьералъулъе
0
|
чӀваркьеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀваркьерасулъа
0
|
чӀваркьералъулъа
0
|
чӀваркьералъулъа
0
|
чӀваркьеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀваркьерасулъан
0
|
чӀваркьералъулъан
0
|
чӀваркьералъулъан
0
|
чӀваркьеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀваркьерасукь
0
|
чӀваркьералъукь
0
|
чӀваркьералъукь
0
|
чӀваркьеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀваркьерасукье
0
|
чӀваркьералъукье
0
|
чӀваркьералъукье
0
|
чӀваркьеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀваркьерасукьа
0
|
чӀваркьералъукьа
0
|
чӀваркьералъукьа
0
|
чӀваркьеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀваркьерасукьан
0
|
чӀваркьералъукьан
0
|
чӀваркьералъукьан
0
|
чӀваркьеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀваркьон
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀваркьон
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːon]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀваркьечӀого
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀваркьолаго
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀваркьоларого
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀваркьей
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːej]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀваркьезе
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːeze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀваркьезавизе
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezawize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀваркьезайизе
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezajize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀваркьезабизе
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezabize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀваркьезаризе
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀваркьезавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezawularo]/
0
|
чӀваркьезайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezajularo]/
0
|
чӀваркьезабуларо
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezabularo]/
0
|
чӀваркьезаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀваркьеаризе
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀваркьеариларо
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀваркь-чӀваркьезе
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼː-t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀваркь-чӀваркьеларо
[t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼː-t͡ʃʼwart͡ɬʼːelaro]
0
|
|||