Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
укутать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: tʼupa-qʼaze
Derivational Type
- Other derivation Not specified: from къазе
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
226593
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalew wugo]/ |
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalej jigo]/ |
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaleb bugo]/ |
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
тӀупа-къана
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тӀупа-къачӀо
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тӀупа-къала
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀупа-къаларо
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тӀупа-къала
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тӀупа-къаларо
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀупа-къалаан
[tʼupa-q͡χʼːalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀупа-къалароан
[tʼupa-q͡χʼːalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀупа-къа
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀупа-къаге
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тӀупа-къаги
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀупа-къагеги
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тӀупа-къазин
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тӀупа-къани
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тӀупа-къачӀони
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупа-къанищ
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупа-къачӀищ
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупа-къалищ
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупа-къаларищ
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупа-къалищ
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀупа-къаларищ
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀупа-къарав
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaraw]/
0
|
тӀупа-къарай
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaraj]/
0
|
тӀупа-къараб
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːarab]/
0
|
тӀупа-къарал
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀупа-къачӀев
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
тӀупа-къачӀей
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
тӀупа-къачӀеб
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
тӀупа-къачӀел
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀупа-къалев
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalew]/
0
|
тӀупа-къалей
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalej]/
0
|
тӀупа-къалеб
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaleb]/
0
|
тӀупа-къалел
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀупа-къаларев
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalarew]/
0
|
тӀупа-къаларей
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalarej]/
0
|
тӀупа-къалареб
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalareb]/
0
|
тӀупа-къаларел
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀупа-къалев
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalew]/
0
|
тӀупа-къалей
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalej]/
0
|
тӀупа-къалеб
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaleb]/
0
|
тӀупа-къалел
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀупа-къаларев
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalarew]/
0
|
тӀупа-къаларей
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalarej]/
0
|
тӀупа-къалареб
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalareb]/
0
|
тӀупа-къаларел
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀупа-къазехъин
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀупа-къазехъинро
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тӀупа-къаяв
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːajaw]/
0
|
тӀупа-къаяй
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːajaj]/
0
|
тӀупа-къаяб
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːajab]/
0
|
тӀупа-къаял
/[tʼupa-q͡χʼːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀупа-къарав
0
|
тӀупа-къарай
0
|
тӀупа-къараб
0
|
тӀупа-къарал
0
|
| Ergative |
тӀупа-къарас
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъ
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъ
0
|
тӀупа-къараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀупа-къарасул
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъул
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъул
0
|
тӀупа-къаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀупа-къарасе
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъе
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъе
0
|
тӀупа-къаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀупа-къарасда
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъда
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъда
0
|
тӀупа-къаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀупа-къарасде
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъде
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъде
0
|
тӀупа-къаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀупа-къарасдаса
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъдаса
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъдаса
0
|
тӀупа-къараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀупа-къарасдасан
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъдасан
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъдасан
0
|
тӀупа-къараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀупа-къарасухъ
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъухъ
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъухъ
0
|
тӀупа-къаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀупа-къарасухъе
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъухъе
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъухъе
0
|
тӀупа-къаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀупа-къарасухъа
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъухъа
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъухъа
0
|
тӀупа-къаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀупа-къарасухъан
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъухъан
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъухъан
0
|
тӀупа-къаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀупа-къарасулъ
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъулъ
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъулъ
0
|
тӀупа-къаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀупа-къарасулъе
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъулъе
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъулъе
0
|
тӀупа-къаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀупа-къарасулъа
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъулъа
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъулъа
0
|
тӀупа-къаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀупа-къарасулъан
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъулъан
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъулъан
0
|
тӀупа-къаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀупа-къарасукь
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъукь
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъукь
0
|
тӀупа-къаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀупа-къарасукье
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъукье
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъукье
0
|
тӀупа-къаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀупа-къарасукьа
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъукьа
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъукьа
0
|
тӀупа-къаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀупа-къарасукьан
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъукьан
0
|
тӀупа-къаралъукьан
0
|
тӀупа-къаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀупа-къан
[tʼupa-q͡χʼːan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тӀупа-къан
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀупа-къачӀого
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тӀупа-къалаго
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀупа-къаларого
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀупа-къай
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тӀупа-къазе
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
тӀупа-къазавизе
/[tʼupa-q͡χʼːazawize]/
0
|
тӀупа-къазайизе
/[tʼupa-q͡χʼːazajize]/
0
|
тӀупа-къазабизе
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːazabize]/
0
|
тӀупа-къазаризе
/[tʼupa-q͡χʼːazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тӀупа-къазавуларо
/[tʼupa-q͡χʼːazawularo]/
0
|
тӀупа-къазайуларо
/[tʼupa-q͡χʼːazajularo]/
0
|
тӀупа-къазабуларо
/[tˀupa-q͡χˀːazabularo]/
0
|
тӀупа-къазаруларо
/[tʼupa-q͡χʼːazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тӀупа-къааризе
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тӀупа-къаариларо
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тӀупа-къа-тӀупа-къазе
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːa-tˀupa-q͡χˀːaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀупа-къа-тӀупа-къаларо
[tˀupa-q͡χˀːa-tˀupa-q͡χˀːalaro]
0
|
|||