бе-цӀизе

/[be-t͡sʼize]/ 1 [be-cʼize] Add audio
Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern: CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: be-ts'ize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID 227044
Fixed/Locked No
Created 2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count 0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
Form I (M) II (F) III (N) Plural
Present
present participle + present auxiliary

/[we-t͡sʼulew wugo]/

/[ʔe-t͡sʼulej jigo]/

/[be-t͡sʼuleb bugo]/

/[re-t͡sʼulel rugo]/
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary

/[we-t͡sʼulew het͡ʃʼo]/

/[ʔe-t͡sʼulej het͡ʃʼo]/

/[be-t͡sʼuleb het͡ʃʼo]/

/[re-t͡sʼulel het͡ʃʼo]/
Past Simple
ве-цӀана
/[we-t͡sʼana]/
0
йе-цӀана
/[je-t͡sʼana]/
0
е-цӀана
/[ʔe-t͡sʼana]/
0
бе-цӀана
/[be-t͡sʼana]/
0
ре-цӀана
/[re-t͡sʼana]/
0
Past Simple Negative
ве-цӀичӀо
/[we-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
йе-цӀичӀо
/[je-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
е-цӀичӀо
/[ʔe-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
бе-цӀичӀо
/[be-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
ре-цӀичӀо
/[re-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
Future Simple
ве-цӀила
/[we-t͡sʼila]/
0
йе-цӀила
/[je-t͡sʼila]/
0
е-цӀила
/[ʔe-t͡sʼila]/
0
бе-цӀила
/[be-t͡sʼila]/
0
ре-цӀила
/[re-t͡sʼila]/
0
Future Simple Negative
ве-цӀиларо
/[we-t͡sʼilaro]/
0
йе-цӀиларо
/[je-t͡sʼilaro]/
0
е-цӀиларо
/[ʔe-t͡sʼilaro]/
0
бе-цӀиларо
/[be-t͡sʼilaro]/
0
ре-цӀиларо
/[re-t͡sʼilaro]/
0
Constative
ве-цӀула
/[we-t͡sʼula]/
0
йе-цӀула
/[je-t͡sʼula]/
0
е-цӀула
/[ʔe-t͡sʼula]/
0
бе-цӀула
/[be-t͡sʼula]/
0
ре-цӀула
/[re-t͡sʼula]/
0
Constative Negative
ве-цӀуларо
/[we-t͡sʼularo]/
0
йе-цӀуларо
/[je-t͡sʼularo]/
0
е-цӀуларо
/[ʔe-t͡sʼularo]/
0
бе-цӀуларо
/[be-t͡sʼularo]/
0
ре-цӀуларо
/[re-t͡sʼularo]/
0
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
Remote Present
0
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
Remote Past
ве-цӀулаан
/[we-t͡sʼulajan]/
0
йе-цӀулаан
/[je-t͡sʼulajan]/
0
е-цӀулаан
/[ʔe-t͡sʼulajan]/
0
бе-цӀулаан
/[be-t͡sʼulajan]/
0
ре-цӀулаан
/[re-t͡sʼulajan]/
0
Remote Past Negative
ве-цӀулароан
/[we-t͡sʼularojan]/
0
йе-цӀулароан
/[je-t͡sʼularojan]/
0
е-цӀулароан
/[ʔe-t͡sʼularojan]/
0
бе-цӀулароан
/[be-t͡sʼularojan]/
0
ре-цӀулароан
/[re-t͡sʼularojan]/
0
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
Form I (M) II (F) III (N) Plural
Imperative
ве-цӀе
/[we-t͡sʼe]/
0
йе-цӀе
/[je-t͡sʼe]/
0
е-цӀе
/[ʔe-t͡sʼe]/
0
бе-цӀе
/[be-t͡sʼe]/
0
ре-цӀе
/[re-t͡sʼe]/
0
Imp Alt
0
Prohibitive
ве-цӀуге
/[we-t͡sʼuge]/
0
йе-цӀуге
/[je-t͡sʼuge]/
0
е-цӀуге
/[ʔe-t͡sʼuge]/
0
бе-цӀуге
/[be-t͡sʼuge]/
0
ре-цӀуге
/[re-t͡sʼuge]/
0
Optative
ве-цӀеги
/[we-t͡sʼegi]/
0
йе-цӀеги
/[je-t͡sʼegi]/
0
е-цӀеги
/[ʔe-t͡sʼegi]/
0
бе-цӀеги
/[be-t͡sʼegi]/
0
ре-цӀеги
/[re-t͡sʼegi]/
0
Prohibitive Optative
ве-цӀугеги
/[we-t͡sʼugegi]/
0
йе-цӀугеги
/[je-t͡sʼugegi]/
0
е-цӀугеги
/[ʔe-t͡sʼugegi]/
0
бе-цӀугеги
/[be-t͡sʼugegi]/
0
ре-цӀугеги
/[re-t͡sʼugegi]/
0
Hortative
ве-цӀизин
/[we-t͡sʼizin]/
0
йе-цӀизин
/[je-t͡sʼizin]/
0
е-цӀизин
/[ʔe-t͡sʼizin]/
0
бе-цӀизин
/[be-t͡sʼizin]/
0
ре-цӀизин
/[re-t͡sʼizin]/
0
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
Conditional
ве-цӀани
/[we-t͡sʼani]/
0
йе-цӀани
/[je-t͡sʼani]/
0
е-цӀани
/[ʔe-t͡sʼani]/
0
бе-цӀани
/[be-t͡sʼani]/
0
ре-цӀани
/[re-t͡sʼani]/
0
Conditional Negative
ве-цӀичӀони
/[we-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
йе-цӀичӀони
/[je-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
е-цӀичӀони
/[ʔe-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
бе-цӀичӀони
/[be-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
ре-цӀичӀони
/[re-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
ве-цӀанищ
/[we-t͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
йе-цӀанищ
/[je-t͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
е-цӀанищ
/[ʔe-t͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
бе-цӀанищ
/[be-t͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
ре-цӀанищ
/[re-t͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
ве-цӀичӀищ
/[we-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
йе-цӀичӀищ
/[je-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
е-цӀичӀищ
/[ʔe-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
бе-цӀичӀищ
/[be-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
ре-цӀичӀищ
/[re-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
ве-цӀулищ
/[we-t͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
йе-цӀулищ
/[je-t͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
е-цӀулищ
/[ʔe-t͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
бе-цӀулищ
/[be-t͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
ре-цӀулищ
/[re-t͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
ве-цӀуларищ
/[we-t͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
йе-цӀуларищ
/[je-t͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
е-цӀуларищ
/[ʔe-t͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
бе-цӀуларищ
/[be-t͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
ре-цӀуларищ
/[re-t͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
ве-цӀилищ
/[we-t͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
йе-цӀилищ
/[je-t͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
е-цӀилищ
/[ʔe-t͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
бе-цӀилищ
/[be-t͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
ре-цӀилищ
/[re-t͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
ве-цӀиларищ
/[we-t͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
йе-цӀиларищ
/[je-t͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
е-цӀиларищ
/[ʔe-t͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
бе-цӀиларищ
/[be-t͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
ре-цӀиларищ
/[re-t͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives. Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
Form I (M) II (F) III (N) Plural
Past Participle
ве-цӀарав
/[we-t͡sʼaraw]/
0
йе-цӀарай
/[je-t͡sʼaraj]/
0
е-цӀарай
/[ʔe-t͡sʼaraj]/
0
бе-цӀараб
/[be-t͡sʼarab]/
0
ре-цӀарал
/[re-t͡sʼaral]/
0
Past Participle Negative
ве-цӀичӀев
/[we-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼew]/
0
йе-цӀичӀей
/[je-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼej]/
0
е-цӀичӀей
/[ʔe-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼej]/
0
бе-цӀичӀеб
/[be-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
ре-цӀичӀел
/[re-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼel]/
0
Present Participle
ве-цӀулев
/[we-t͡sʼulew]/
0
йе-цӀулей
/[je-t͡sʼulej]/
0
е-цӀулей
/[ʔe-t͡sʼulej]/
0
бе-цӀулеб
/[be-t͡sʼuleb]/
0
ре-цӀулел
/[re-t͡sʼulel]/
0
Present Participle Negative
ве-цӀуларев
/[we-t͡sʼularew]/
0
йе-цӀуларей
/[je-t͡sʼularej]/
0
е-цӀуларей
/[ʔe-t͡sʼularej]/
0
бе-цӀулареб
/[be-t͡sʼulareb]/
0
ре-цӀуларел
/[re-t͡sʼularel]/
0
Future Participle
ве-цӀилев
/[we-t͡sʼilew]/
0
йе-цӀилей
/[je-t͡sʼilej]/
0
е-цӀилей
/[ʔe-t͡sʼilej]/
0
бе-цӀилеб
/[be-t͡sʼileb]/
0
ре-цӀилел
/[re-t͡sʼilel]/
0
Future Participle Negative
ве-цӀиларев
/[we-t͡sʼilarew]/
0
йе-цӀиларей
/[je-t͡sʼilarej]/
0
е-цӀиларей
/[ʔe-t͡sʼilarej]/
0
бе-цӀилареб
/[be-t͡sʼilareb]/
0
ре-цӀиларел
/[re-t͡sʼilarel]/
0
Intentional Participle
ве-цӀизехъин
/[we-t͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
йе-цӀизехъин
/[je-t͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
е-цӀизехъин
/[ʔe-t͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
бе-цӀизехъин
/[be-t͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
ре-цӀизехъин
/[re-t͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
Intentional Participle Negative
ве-цӀизехъинро
/[we-t͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
йе-цӀизехъинро
/[je-t͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
е-цӀизехъинро
/[ʔe-t͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
бе-цӀизехъинро
/[be-t͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
ре-цӀизехъинро
/[re-t͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
Optative Participle
ве-цӀеяв
/[we-t͡sʼejaw]/
0
йе-цӀеяй
/[je-t͡sʼejaj]/
0
е-цӀеяй
/[ʔe-t͡sʼejaj]/
0
бе-цӀеяб
/[be-t͡sʼejab]/
0
ре-цӀеял
/[re-t͡sʼejal]/
0
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
Case I (M) II (F) III (N) Pl.
Nominative
ве-цӀарав
0
йе-цӀарай
0
е-цӀарай
0
бе-цӀараб
0
ре-цӀарал
0
Ergative
ве-цӀарас
0
йе-цӀаралъ
0
е-цӀаралъ
0
бе-цӀаралъ
0
ре-цӀараз
0
Genitive
ве-цӀарасул
0
йе-цӀаралъул
0
е-цӀаралъул
0
бе-цӀаралъул
0
ре-цӀаразул
0
Dative
ве-цӀарасе
0
йе-цӀаралъе
0
е-цӀаралъе
0
бе-цӀаралъе
0
ре-цӀаразе
0
Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан)
Locative (-да)
ве-цӀарасда
0
йе-цӀаралъда
0
е-цӀаралъда
0
бе-цӀаралъда
0
ре-цӀаразда
0
Allative (-де)
ве-цӀарасде
0
йе-цӀаралъде
0
е-цӀаралъде
0
бе-цӀаралъде
0
ре-цӀаразде
0
Ablative (-даса)
ве-цӀарасдаса
0
йе-цӀаралъдаса
0
е-цӀаралъдаса
0
бе-цӀаралъдаса
0
ре-цӀараздаса
0
Perlative (-дасан)
ве-цӀарасдасан
0
йе-цӀаралъдасан
0
е-цӀаралъдасан
0
бе-цӀаралъдасан
0
ре-цӀараздасан
0
Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан)
Locative (-хъ)
ве-цӀарасухъ
0
йе-цӀаралъухъ
0
е-цӀаралъухъ
0
бе-цӀаралъухъ
0
ре-цӀаразухъ
0
Allative (-хъе)
ве-цӀарасухъе
0
йе-цӀаралъухъе
0
е-цӀаралъухъе
0
бе-цӀаралъухъе
0
ре-цӀаразухъе
0
Ablative (-хъа)
ве-цӀарасухъа
0
йе-цӀаралъухъа
0
е-цӀаралъухъа
0
бе-цӀаралъухъа
0
ре-цӀаразухъа
0
Perlative (-хъан)
ве-цӀарасухъан
0
йе-цӀаралъухъан
0
е-цӀаралъухъан
0
бе-цӀаралъухъан
0
ре-цӀаразухъан
0
Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан)
Locative (-лъ)
ве-цӀарасулъ
0
йе-цӀаралъулъ
0
е-цӀаралъулъ
0
бе-цӀаралъулъ
0
ре-цӀаразулъ
0
Allative (-лъе)
ве-цӀарасулъе
0
йе-цӀаралъулъе
0
е-цӀаралъулъе
0
бе-цӀаралъулъе
0
ре-цӀаразулъе
0
Ablative (-лъа)
ве-цӀарасулъа
0
йе-цӀаралъулъа
0
е-цӀаралъулъа
0
бе-цӀаралъулъа
0
ре-цӀаразулъа
0
Perlative (-лъан)
ве-цӀарасулъан
0
йе-цӀаралъулъан
0
е-цӀаралъулъан
0
бе-цӀаралъулъан
0
ре-цӀаразулъан
0
Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан)
Locative (-кь)
ве-цӀарасукь
0
йе-цӀаралъукь
0
е-цӀаралъукь
0
бе-цӀаралъукь
0
ре-цӀаразукь
0
Allative (-кье)
ве-цӀарасукье
0
йе-цӀаралъукье
0
е-цӀаралъукье
0
бе-цӀаралъукье
0
ре-цӀаразукье
0
Ablative (-кьа)
ве-цӀарасукьа
0
йе-цӀаралъукьа
0
е-цӀаралъукьа
0
бе-цӀаралъукьа
0
ре-цӀаразукьа
0
Perlative (-кьан)
ве-цӀарасукьан
0
йе-цӀаралъукьан
0
е-цӀаралъукьан
0
бе-цӀаралъукьан
0
ре-цӀаразукьан
0
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
Form I (M) II (F) III (N) Plural
Past Gerund
ве-цӀун
/[we-t͡sʼun]/
0
йе-цӀун
/[je-t͡sʼun]/
0
е-цӀун
/[ʔe-t͡sʼun]/
0
бе-цӀун
/[be-t͡sʼun]/
0
ре-цӀун
/[re-t͡sʼun]/
0
Adverbial Past
ве-цӀун
/[we-t͡sʼun]/
0
йе-цӀун
/[je-t͡sʼun]/
0
е-цӀун
/[ʔe-t͡sʼun]/
0
бе-цӀун
/[be-t͡sʼun]/
0
ре-цӀун
/[re-t͡sʼun]/
0
Adverbial Past Negative
ве-цӀичӀого
/[we-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
йе-цӀичӀого
/[je-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
е-цӀичӀого
/[ʔe-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
бе-цӀичӀого
/[be-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
ре-цӀичӀого
/[re-t͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
Adverbial General
ве-цӀулаго
/[we-t͡sʼulago]/
0
йе-цӀулаго
/[je-t͡sʼulago]/
0
е-цӀулаго
/[ʔe-t͡sʼulago]/
0
бе-цӀулаго
/[be-t͡sʼulago]/
0
ре-цӀулаго
/[re-t͡sʼulago]/
0
Adverbial General Negative
ве-цӀуларого
/[we-t͡sʼularogo]/
0
йе-цӀуларого
/[je-t͡sʼularogo]/
0
е-цӀуларого
/[ʔe-t͡sʼularogo]/
0
бе-цӀуларого
/[be-t͡sʼularogo]/
0
ре-цӀуларого
/[re-t͡sʼularogo]/
0
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
Form I (M) II (F) III (N) Plural
Masdar
ве-цӀи
/[we-t͡sʼi]/
0
йе-цӀи
/[je-t͡sʼi]/
0
е-цӀи
/[ʔe-t͡sʼi]/
0
бе-цӀи
/[be-t͡sʼi]/
0
ре-цӀи
/[re-t͡sʼi]/
0
Infinitive
ве-цӀизе
/[we-t͡sʼize]/
0
йе-цӀизе
/[je-t͡sʼize]/
0
е-цӀизе
/[ʔe-t͡sʼize]/
0
бе-цӀизе
/[be-t͡sʼize]/
0
ре-цӀизе
/[re-t͡sʼize]/
0
Causative
ве-цӀизавизе
/[we-t͡sʼizawize]/
0
йе-цӀизайизе
/[je-t͡sʼizajize]/
0
е-цӀизайизе
/[ʔe-t͡sʼizajize]/
0
бе-цӀизабизе
/[be-t͡sʼizabize]/
0
ре-цӀизаризе
/[re-t͡sʼizarize]/
0
Causative Negative
ве-цӀизавуларо
/[we-t͡sʼizawularo]/
0
йе-цӀизайуларо
/[je-t͡sʼizajularo]/
0
е-цӀизайуларо
/[ʔe-t͡sʼizajularo]/
0
бе-цӀизабуларо
/[be-t͡sʼizabularo]/
0
ре-цӀизаруларо
/[re-t͡sʼizarularo]/
0
Durative
ве-цӀиаризе
/[we-t͡sʼijarize]/
0
йе-цӀиаризе
/[je-t͡sʼijarize]/
0
е-цӀиаризе
/[ʔe-t͡sʼijarize]/
0
бе-цӀиаризе
/[be-t͡sʼijarize]/
0
ре-цӀиаризе
/[re-t͡sʼijarize]/
0
Durative Negative
ве-цӀиариларо
/[we-t͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
йе-цӀиариларо
/[je-t͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
е-цӀиариларо
/[ʔe-t͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
бе-цӀиариларо
/[be-t͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
ре-цӀиариларо
/[re-t͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
Frequentative
ве-цӀ-ве-цӀизе
/[we-t͡sʼ-we-t͡sʼize]/
0
йе-цӀ-йе-цӀизе
/[je-t͡sʼ-je-t͡sʼize]/
0
е-цӀ-е-цӀизе
/[ʔe-t͡sʼ-e-t͡sʼize]/
0
бе-цӀ-бе-цӀизе
/[be-t͡sʼ-be-t͡sʼize]/
0
ре-цӀ-ре-цӀизе
/[re-t͡sʼ-re-t͡sʼize]/
0
Frequentative Negative
ве-цӀ-ве-цӀиларо
/[we-t͡sʼ-we-t͡sʼilaro]/
0
йе-цӀ-йе-цӀиларо
/[je-t͡sʼ-je-t͡sʼilaro]/
0
е-цӀ-е-цӀиларо
/[ʔe-t͡sʼ-e-t͡sʼilaro]/
0
бе-цӀ-бе-цӀиларо
/[be-t͡sʼ-be-t͡sʼilaro]/
0
ре-цӀ-ре-цӀиларо
/[re-t͡sʼ-re-t͡sʼilaro]/
0