Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
устоять
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: chuchungutʼize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
227609
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
3
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀuleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
чучунгутӀана
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чучунгутӀичӀо
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чучунгутӀила
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чучунгутӀиларо
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чучунгутӀула
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чучунгутӀуларо
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чучунгутӀулаан
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чучунгутӀулароан
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чучунгутӀе
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чучунгутӀуге
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чучунгутӀеги
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чучунгутӀугеги
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чучунгутӀизин
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чучунгутӀани
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чучунгутӀичӀони
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чучунгутӀанищ
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чучунгутӀичӀищ
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чучунгутӀулищ
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чучунгутӀуларищ
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чучунгутӀилищ
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чучунгутӀиларищ
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чучунгутӀарав
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀaraw]/
0
|
чучунгутӀарай
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀaraj]/
0
|
чучунгутӀараб
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀarab]/
0
|
чучунгутӀарал
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чучунгутӀичӀев
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чучунгутӀичӀей
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чучунгутӀичӀеб
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чучунгутӀичӀел
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чучунгутӀулев
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulew]/
0
|
чучунгутӀулей
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulej]/
0
|
чучунгутӀулеб
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀuleb]/
0
|
чучунгутӀулел
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чучунгутӀуларев
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀularew]/
0
|
чучунгутӀуларей
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀularej]/
0
|
чучунгутӀулареб
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulareb]/
0
|
чучунгутӀуларел
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чучунгутӀилев
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilew]/
0
|
чучунгутӀилей
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilej]/
0
|
чучунгутӀилеб
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀileb]/
0
|
чучунгутӀилел
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чучунгутӀиларев
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilarew]/
0
|
чучунгутӀиларей
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilarej]/
0
|
чучунгутӀилареб
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilareb]/
0
|
чучунгутӀиларел
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чучунгутӀизехъин
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чучунгутӀизехъинро
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чучунгутӀеяв
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀejaw]/
0
|
чучунгутӀеяй
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀejaj]/
0
|
чучунгутӀеяб
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀejab]/
0
|
чучунгутӀеял
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чучунгутӀарав
0
|
чучунгутӀарай
0
|
чучунгутӀараб
0
|
чучунгутӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
чучунгутӀарас
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъ
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъ
0
|
чучунгутӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чучунгутӀарасул
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъул
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъул
0
|
чучунгутӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
чучунгутӀарасе
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъе
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъе
0
|
чучунгутӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чучунгутӀарасда
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъда
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъда
0
|
чучунгутӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чучунгутӀарасде
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъде
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъде
0
|
чучунгутӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чучунгутӀарасдаса
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъдаса
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъдаса
0
|
чучунгутӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чучунгутӀарасдасан
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъдасан
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъдасан
0
|
чучунгутӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чучунгутӀарасухъ
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъухъ
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъухъ
0
|
чучунгутӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чучунгутӀарасухъе
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъухъе
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъухъе
0
|
чучунгутӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чучунгутӀарасухъа
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъухъа
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъухъа
0
|
чучунгутӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чучунгутӀарасухъан
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъухъан
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъухъан
0
|
чучунгутӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чучунгутӀарасулъ
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъулъ
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъулъ
0
|
чучунгутӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чучунгутӀарасулъе
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъулъе
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъулъе
0
|
чучунгутӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чучунгутӀарасулъа
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъулъа
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъулъа
0
|
чучунгутӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чучунгутӀарасулъан
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъулъан
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъулъан
0
|
чучунгутӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чучунгутӀарасукь
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъукь
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъукь
0
|
чучунгутӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чучунгутӀарасукье
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъукье
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъукье
0
|
чучунгутӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чучунгутӀарасукьа
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъукьа
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъукьа
0
|
чучунгутӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чучунгутӀарасукьан
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъукьан
0
|
чучунгутӀаралъукьан
0
|
чучунгутӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чучунгутӀун
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чучунгутӀун
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чучунгутӀичӀого
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чучунгутӀулаго
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чучунгутӀуларого
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чучунгутӀи
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чучунгутӀизе
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀize]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Causative |
чучунгутӀизавизе
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼizawize]/
0
|
чучунгутӀизайизе
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼizajize]/
0
|
чучунгутӀизабизе
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀizabize]/
0
|
чучунгутӀизаризе
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чучунгутӀизавуларо
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼizawularo]/
0
|
чучунгутӀизайуларо
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼizajularo]/
0
|
чучунгутӀизабуларо
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀizabularo]/
0
|
чучунгутӀизаруларо
/[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чучунгутӀиаризе
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чучунгутӀиариларо
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чучунгутӀ-чучунгутӀизе
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀ-t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чучунгутӀ-чучунгутӀиларо
[t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀ-t͡ʃut͡ʃungutˀilaro]
0
|
|||