Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
учить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: malharize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
228169
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
8
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[maɬarulew wugo]/ |
/[maɬarulej jigo]/ |
/[maɬaruleb bugo]/ |
/[maɬarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[maɬarulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[maɬarulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[maɬaruleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[maɬarulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
малъарана
[maɬarana]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
малъаричӀо
[maɬarit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
малъарила
[maɬarila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
малъариларо
[maɬarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
малъарула
[maɬarula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
малъаруларо
[maɬarularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
малъарулаан
[maɬarulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
малъарулароан
[maɬarularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
малъаре
[maɬare]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
малъаруге
[maɬaruge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
малъареги
[maɬaregi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
малъаругеги
[maɬarugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
малъаризин
[maɬarizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
малъарани
[maɬarani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
малъаричӀони
[maɬarit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
малъаранищ
[maɬaraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
малъаричӀищ
[maɬarit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
малъарулищ
[maɬaruliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
малъаруларищ
[maɬarulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
малъарилищ
[maɬariliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
малъариларищ
[maɬarilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
малъарарав
/[maɬararaw]/
0
|
малъарарай
/[maɬararaj]/
0
|
малъарараб
/[maɬararab]/
0
|
малъарарал
/[maɬararal]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
малъаричӀев
/[maɬarit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
малъаричӀей
/[maɬarit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
малъаричӀеб
/[maɬarit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
малъаричӀел
/[maɬarit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
малъарулев
/[maɬarulew]/
0
|
малъарулей
/[maɬarulej]/
0
|
малъарулеб
/[maɬaruleb]/
0
|
малъарулел
/[maɬarulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
малъаруларев
/[maɬarularew]/
0
|
малъаруларей
/[maɬarularej]/
0
|
малъарулареб
/[maɬarulareb]/
0
|
малъаруларел
/[maɬarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
малъарилев
/[maɬarilew]/
0
|
малъарилей
/[maɬarilej]/
🔒
2
|
малъарилеб
/[maɬarileb]/
0
|
малъарилел
/[maɬarilel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
малъариларев
/[maɬarilarew]/
0
|
малъариларей
/[maɬarilarej]/
0
|
малъарилареб
/[maɬarilareb]/
0
|
малъариларел
/[maɬarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
малъаризехъин
[maɬarizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
малъаризехъинро
[maɬarizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
малъареяв
/[maɬarejaw]/
0
|
малъареяй
/[maɬarejaj]/
0
|
малъареяб
/[maɬarejab]/
0
|
малъареял
/[maɬarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
малъарарав
0
|
малъарарай
0
|
малъарараб
0
|
малъарарал
0
|
| Ergative |
малъарарас
0
|
малъараралъ
0
|
малъараралъ
0
|
малъарараз
0
|
| Genitive |
малъарарасул
0
|
малъараралъул
0
|
малъараралъул
0
|
малъараразул
0
|
| Dative |
малъарарасе
0
|
малъараралъе
0
|
малъараралъе
0
|
малъараразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
малъарарасда
0
|
малъараралъда
0
|
малъараралъда
0
|
малъараразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
малъарарасде
0
|
малъараралъде
0
|
малъараралъде
0
|
малъараразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
малъарарасдаса
0
|
малъараралъдаса
0
|
малъараралъдаса
0
|
малъарараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
малъарарасдасан
0
|
малъараралъдасан
0
|
малъараралъдасан
0
|
малъарараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
малъарарасухъ
0
|
малъараралъухъ
0
|
малъараралъухъ
0
|
малъараразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
малъарарасухъе
0
|
малъараралъухъе
0
|
малъараралъухъе
0
|
малъараразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
малъарарасухъа
0
|
малъараралъухъа
0
|
малъараралъухъа
0
|
малъараразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
малъарарасухъан
0
|
малъараралъухъан
0
|
малъараралъухъан
0
|
малъараразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
малъарарасулъ
0
|
малъараралъулъ
0
|
малъараралъулъ
0
|
малъараразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
малъарарасулъе
0
|
малъараралъулъе
0
|
малъараралъулъе
0
|
малъараразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
малъарарасулъа
0
|
малъараралъулъа
0
|
малъараралъулъа
0
|
малъараразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
малъарарасулъан
0
|
малъараралъулъан
0
|
малъараралъулъан
0
|
малъараразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
малъарарасукь
0
|
малъараралъукь
0
|
малъараралъукь
0
|
малъараразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
малъарарасукье
0
|
малъараралъукье
0
|
малъараралъукье
0
|
малъараразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
малъарарасукьа
0
|
малъараралъукьа
0
|
малъараралъукьа
0
|
малъараразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
малъарарасукьан
0
|
малъараралъукьан
0
|
малъараралъукьан
0
|
малъараразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
малъарун
[maɬarun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
малъарун
[maɬarun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
малъаричӀого
[maɬarit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
малъарулаго
[maɬarulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
малъаруларого
[maɬarularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
малъари
[maɬari]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
малъаризе
[maɬarize]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Causative |
малъаризавизе
/[maɬarizawize]/
0
|
малъаризайизе
/[maɬarizajize]/
0
|
малъаризабизе
/[maɬarizabize]/
0
|
малъаризаризе
/[maɬarizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
малъаризавуларо
/[maɬarizawularo]/
0
|
малъаризайуларо
/[maɬarizajularo]/
0
|
малъаризабуларо
/[maɬarizabularo]/
0
|
малъаризаруларо
/[maɬarizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
малъариаризе
[maɬarijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
малъариариларо
[maɬarijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
малъар-малъаризе
[maɬar-maɬarize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
малъар-малъариларо
[maɬar-maɬarilaro]
0
|
|||