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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: penqeze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
228707
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
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|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Past Simple |
пенхъена
[penq͡χːena]
0
|
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| Past Simple Negative |
пенхъечӀо
[penq͡χːet͡ʃˀo]
0
|
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| Future Simple |
пенхъела
[penq͡χːela]
0
|
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| Future Simple Negative |
пенхъеларо
[penq͡χːelaro]
0
|
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| Constative |
пенхъола
[penq͡χːola]
🔒
1
|
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| Constative Negative |
пенхъоларо
[penq͡χːolaro]
0
|
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|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
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|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
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| Remote Present |
—
0
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|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
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| Remote Past |
пенхъолаан
[penq͡χːolajan]
0
|
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| Remote Past Negative |
пенхъолароан
[penq͡χːolarojan]
0
|
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|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
пенхъе
[penq͡χːe]
0
|
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| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
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| Prohibitive |
пенхъоге
[penq͡χːoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
пенхъеги
[penq͡χːegi]
0
|
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| Prohibitive Optative |
пенхъогеги
[penq͡χːogegi]
0
|
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| Hortative |
пенхъезин
[penq͡χːezin]
0
|
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|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
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| Conditional |
пенхъени
[penq͡χːeni]
0
|
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| Conditional Negative |
пенхъечӀони
[penq͡χːet͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
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|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
пенхъенищ
[penq͡χːeniʃː]
0
|
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|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
пенхъечӀищ
[penq͡χːet͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
пенхъолищ
[penq͡χːoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
пенхъоларищ
[penq͡χːolariʃː]
0
|
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|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
пенхъелищ
[penq͡χːeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
пенхъеларищ
[penq͡χːelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
пенхъерав
/[penq͡χːeraw]/
0
|
пенхъерай
/[penq͡χːeraj]/
0
|
пенхъераб
/[penq͡χːerab]/
0
|
пенхъерал
/[penq͡χːeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
пенхъечӀев
/[penq͡χːet͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
пенхъечӀей
/[penq͡χːet͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
пенхъечӀеб
/[penq͡χːet͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
пенхъечӀел
/[penq͡χːet͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
пенхъолев
/[penq͡χːolew]/
0
|
пенхъолей
/[penq͡χːolej]/
0
|
пенхъолеб
/[penq͡χːoleb]/
0
|
пенхъолел
/[penq͡χːolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
пенхъоларев
/[penq͡χːolarew]/
0
|
пенхъоларей
/[penq͡χːolarej]/
0
|
пенхъолареб
/[penq͡χːolareb]/
0
|
пенхъоларел
/[penq͡χːolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
пенхъелев
/[penq͡χːelew]/
0
|
пенхъелей
/[penq͡χːelej]/
0
|
пенхъелеб
/[penq͡χːeleb]/
0
|
пенхъелел
/[penq͡χːelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
пенхъеларев
/[penq͡χːelarew]/
0
|
пенхъеларей
/[penq͡χːelarej]/
0
|
пенхъелареб
/[penq͡χːelareb]/
0
|
пенхъеларел
/[penq͡χːelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
пенхъезехъин
[penq͡χːezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
пенхъезехъинро
[penq͡χːezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
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| Optative Participle |
пенхъеяв
/[penq͡χːejaw]/
0
|
пенхъеяй
/[penq͡χːejaj]/
0
|
пенхъеяб
/[penq͡χːejab]/
0
|
пенхъеял
/[penq͡χːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
пенхъерав
0
|
пенхъерай
0
|
пенхъераб
0
|
пенхъерал
0
|
| Ergative |
пенхъерас
0
|
пенхъералъ
0
|
пенхъералъ
0
|
пенхъераз
0
|
| Genitive |
пенхъерасул
0
|
пенхъералъул
0
|
пенхъералъул
0
|
пенхъеразул
0
|
| Dative |
пенхъерасе
0
|
пенхъералъе
0
|
пенхъералъе
0
|
пенхъеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
пенхъерасда
0
|
пенхъералъда
0
|
пенхъералъда
0
|
пенхъеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
пенхъерасде
0
|
пенхъералъде
0
|
пенхъералъде
0
|
пенхъеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
пенхъерасдаса
0
|
пенхъералъдаса
0
|
пенхъералъдаса
0
|
пенхъераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
пенхъерасдасан
0
|
пенхъералъдасан
0
|
пенхъералъдасан
0
|
пенхъераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
пенхъерасухъ
0
|
пенхъералъухъ
0
|
пенхъералъухъ
0
|
пенхъеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
пенхъерасухъе
0
|
пенхъералъухъе
0
|
пенхъералъухъе
0
|
пенхъеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
пенхъерасухъа
0
|
пенхъералъухъа
0
|
пенхъералъухъа
0
|
пенхъеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
пенхъерасухъан
0
|
пенхъералъухъан
0
|
пенхъералъухъан
0
|
пенхъеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
пенхъерасулъ
0
|
пенхъералъулъ
0
|
пенхъералъулъ
0
|
пенхъеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
пенхъерасулъе
0
|
пенхъералъулъе
0
|
пенхъералъулъе
0
|
пенхъеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
пенхъерасулъа
0
|
пенхъералъулъа
0
|
пенхъералъулъа
0
|
пенхъеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
пенхъерасулъан
0
|
пенхъералъулъан
0
|
пенхъералъулъан
0
|
пенхъеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
пенхъерасукь
0
|
пенхъералъукь
0
|
пенхъералъукь
0
|
пенхъеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
пенхъерасукье
0
|
пенхъералъукье
0
|
пенхъералъукье
0
|
пенхъеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
пенхъерасукьа
0
|
пенхъералъукьа
0
|
пенхъералъукьа
0
|
пенхъеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
пенхъерасукьан
0
|
пенхъералъукьан
0
|
пенхъералъукьан
0
|
пенхъеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
пенхъон
[penq͡χːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
пенхъон
[penq͡χːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
пенхъечӀого
[penq͡χːet͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
пенхъолаго
[penq͡χːolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
пенхъоларого
[penq͡χːolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
пенхъей
[penq͡χːej]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
пенхъезе
[penq͡χːeze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
пенхъезавизе
/[penq͡χːezawize]/
0
|
пенхъезайизе
/[penq͡χːezajize]/
0
|
пенхъезабизе
/[penq͡χːezabize]/
0
|
пенхъезаризе
/[penq͡χːezarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
пенхъезавуларо
/[penq͡χːezawularo]/
0
|
пенхъезайуларо
/[penq͡χːezajularo]/
0
|
пенхъезабуларо
/[penq͡χːezabularo]/
0
|
пенхъезаруларо
/[penq͡χːezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
пенхъеаризе
[penq͡χːejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
пенхъеариларо
[penq͡χːejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
пенхъ-пенхъезе
[penq͡χː-penq͡χːeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
пенхъ-пенхъеларо
[penq͡χː-penq͡χːelaro]
0
|
|||