Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: qunqudize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
228708
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulew wugo]/ |
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulej jigo]/ |
/[q͡χːunq͡χːuduleb bugo]/ |
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːunq͡χːuduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хъунхъудана
[q͡χːunq͡χːudana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хъунхъудичӀо
[q͡χːunq͡χːudit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хъунхъудила
[q͡χːunq͡χːudila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хъунхъудиларо
[q͡χːunq͡χːudilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хъунхъудула
[q͡χːunq͡χːudula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хъунхъудуларо
[q͡χːunq͡χːudularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъунхъудулаан
[q͡χːunq͡χːudulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хъунхъудулароан
[q͡χːunq͡χːudularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъунхъуде
[q͡χːunq͡χːude]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъунхъудуге
[q͡χːunq͡χːuduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хъунхъудеги
[q͡χːunq͡χːudegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъунхъудугеги
[q͡χːunq͡χːudugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хъунхъудизин
[q͡χːunq͡χːudizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъунхъудани
[q͡χːunq͡χːudani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хъунхъудичӀони
[q͡χːunq͡χːudit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъунхъуданищ
[q͡χːunq͡χːudaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъунхъудичӀищ
[q͡χːunq͡χːudit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъунхъудулищ
[q͡χːunq͡χːuduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъунхъудуларищ
[q͡χːunq͡χːudulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъунхъудилищ
[q͡χːunq͡χːudiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъунхъудиларищ
[q͡χːunq͡χːudilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъунхъударав
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudaraw]/
0
|
хъунхъударай
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudaraj]/
0
|
хъунхъудараб
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudarab]/
0
|
хъунхъударал
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъунхъудичӀев
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хъунхъудичӀей
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хъунхъудичӀеб
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хъунхъудичӀел
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хъунхъудулев
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulew]/
0
|
хъунхъудулей
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulej]/
0
|
хъунхъудулеб
/[q͡χːunq͡χːuduleb]/
0
|
хъунхъудулел
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъунхъудуларев
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudularew]/
0
|
хъунхъудуларей
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudularej]/
0
|
хъунхъудулареб
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudulareb]/
0
|
хъунхъудуларел
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хъунхъудилев
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudilew]/
0
|
хъунхъудилей
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudilej]/
0
|
хъунхъудилеб
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudileb]/
0
|
хъунхъудилел
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъунхъудиларев
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudilarew]/
0
|
хъунхъудиларей
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudilarej]/
0
|
хъунхъудилареб
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudilareb]/
0
|
хъунхъудиларел
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъунхъудизехъин
[q͡χːunq͡χːudizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъунхъудизехъинро
[q͡χːunq͡χːudizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хъунхъудеяв
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudejaw]/
0
|
хъунхъудеяй
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudejaj]/
0
|
хъунхъудеяб
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudejab]/
0
|
хъунхъудеял
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъунхъударав
0
|
хъунхъударай
0
|
хъунхъудараб
0
|
хъунхъударал
0
|
| Ergative |
хъунхъударас
0
|
хъунхъударалъ
0
|
хъунхъударалъ
0
|
хъунхъудараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хъунхъударасул
0
|
хъунхъударалъул
0
|
хъунхъударалъул
0
|
хъунхъударазул
0
|
| Dative |
хъунхъударасе
0
|
хъунхъударалъе
0
|
хъунхъударалъе
0
|
хъунхъударазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъунхъударасда
0
|
хъунхъударалъда
0
|
хъунхъударалъда
0
|
хъунхъударазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъунхъударасде
0
|
хъунхъударалъде
0
|
хъунхъударалъде
0
|
хъунхъударазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъунхъударасдаса
0
|
хъунхъударалъдаса
0
|
хъунхъударалъдаса
0
|
хъунхъудараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъунхъударасдасан
0
|
хъунхъударалъдасан
0
|
хъунхъударалъдасан
0
|
хъунхъудараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъунхъударасухъ
0
|
хъунхъударалъухъ
0
|
хъунхъударалъухъ
0
|
хъунхъударазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъунхъударасухъе
0
|
хъунхъударалъухъе
0
|
хъунхъударалъухъе
0
|
хъунхъударазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъунхъударасухъа
0
|
хъунхъударалъухъа
0
|
хъунхъударалъухъа
0
|
хъунхъударазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъунхъударасухъан
0
|
хъунхъударалъухъан
0
|
хъунхъударалъухъан
0
|
хъунхъударазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъунхъударасулъ
0
|
хъунхъударалъулъ
0
|
хъунхъударалъулъ
0
|
хъунхъударазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъунхъударасулъе
0
|
хъунхъударалъулъе
0
|
хъунхъударалъулъе
0
|
хъунхъударазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъунхъударасулъа
0
|
хъунхъударалъулъа
0
|
хъунхъударалъулъа
0
|
хъунхъударазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъунхъударасулъан
0
|
хъунхъударалъулъан
0
|
хъунхъударалъулъан
0
|
хъунхъударазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъунхъударасукь
0
|
хъунхъударалъукь
0
|
хъунхъударалъукь
0
|
хъунхъударазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъунхъударасукье
0
|
хъунхъударалъукье
0
|
хъунхъударалъукье
0
|
хъунхъударазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъунхъударасукьа
0
|
хъунхъударалъукьа
0
|
хъунхъударалъукьа
0
|
хъунхъударазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъунхъударасукьан
0
|
хъунхъударалъукьан
0
|
хъунхъударалъукьан
0
|
хъунхъударазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъунхъудун
[q͡χːunq͡χːudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хъунхъудун
[q͡χːunq͡χːudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъунхъудичӀого
[q͡χːunq͡χːudit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хъунхъудулаго
[q͡χːunq͡χːudulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъунхъудуларого
[q͡χːunq͡χːudularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъунхъуди
[q͡χːunq͡χːudi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хъунхъудизе
[q͡χːunq͡χːudize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
хъунхъудизавизе
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudizawize]/
0
|
хъунхъудизайизе
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudizajize]/
0
|
хъунхъудизабизе
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudizabize]/
0
|
хъунхъудизаризе
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хъунхъудизавуларо
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudizawularo]/
0
|
хъунхъудизайуларо
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudizajularo]/
0
|
хъунхъудизабуларо
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudizabularo]/
0
|
хъунхъудизаруларо
/[q͡χːunq͡χːudizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хъунхъудиаризе
[q͡χːunq͡χːudijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хъунхъудиариларо
[q͡χːunq͡χːudijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хъунхъуд-хъунхъудизе
[q͡χːunq͡χːud-q͡χːunq͡χːudize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хъунхъуд-хъунхъудиларо
[q͡χːunq͡χːud-q͡χːunq͡χːudilaro]
0
|
|||