Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
хандрить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ch'algharine
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
228766
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕaruneb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕaruneb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
чӀалгӀарана
[t͡ʃˀalʕarana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀалгӀаринчӀо
[t͡ʃˀalʕarint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀалгӀарина
[t͡ʃˀalʕarina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀалгӀаринаро
[t͡ʃˀalʕarinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀалгӀаруна
[t͡ʃˀalʕaruna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чӀалгӀарунаро
[t͡ʃˀalʕarunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀалгӀарунаан
[t͡ʃʼalʕarunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀалгӀарунароан
[t͡ʃʼalʕarunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀалгӀара
[t͡ʃˀalʕara]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀалгӀарунге
[t͡ʃˀalʕarunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀалгӀараги
[t͡ʃˀalʕaragi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀалгӀарунгеги
[t͡ʃˀalʕarungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀалгӀаринин
[t͡ʃʼalʕarinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀалгӀарани
[t͡ʃˀalʕarani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀалгӀаринчӀони
[t͡ʃˀalʕarint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀаранищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕaraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀаринчӀищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕarint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀарунищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕaruniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀарунарищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕarunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀаринищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕariniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀалгӀаринарищ
[t͡ʃˀalʕarinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀалгӀарарав
/[t͡ʃʼalʕararaw]/
0
|
чӀалгӀарарай
/[t͡ʃʼalʕararaj]/
0
|
чӀалгӀарараб
/[t͡ʃʼalʕararab]/
0
|
чӀалгӀарарал
/[t͡ʃʼalʕararal]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀалгӀаринчӀев
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринчӀей
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринчӀеб
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринчӀел
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀалгӀарунев
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunew]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаруней
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunej]/
0
|
чӀалгӀарунеб
/[t͡ʃʼalʕaruneb]/
0
|
чӀалгӀарунел
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀалгӀарунарев
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunarew]/
0
|
чӀалгӀарунарей
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunarej]/
0
|
чӀалгӀарунареб
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunareb]/
0
|
чӀалгӀарунарел
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀалгӀаринев
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinew]/
0
|
чӀалгӀариней
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinej]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринеб
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarineb]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринел
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀалгӀаринарев
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinarew]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринарей
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinarej]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринареб
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinareb]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринарел
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀалгӀаринехъин
[t͡ʃʼalʕarineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀалгӀаринехъинро
[t͡ʃʼalʕarineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀалгӀараяв
/[t͡ʃˀalʕarajaw]/
0
|
чӀалгӀараяй
/[t͡ʃˀalʕarajaj]/
0
|
чӀалгӀараяб
/[t͡ʃˀalʕarajab]/
0
|
чӀалгӀараял
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀалгӀарарав
0
|
чӀалгӀарарай
0
|
чӀалгӀарараб
0
|
чӀалгӀарарал
0
|
| Ergative |
чӀалгӀарарас
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъ
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъ
0
|
чӀалгӀарараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀалгӀарарасул
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъул
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъул
0
|
чӀалгӀараразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀалгӀарарасе
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъе
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъе
0
|
чӀалгӀараразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀалгӀарарасда
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъда
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъда
0
|
чӀалгӀараразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀалгӀарарасде
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъде
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъде
0
|
чӀалгӀараразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀалгӀарарасдаса
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъдаса
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъдаса
0
|
чӀалгӀарараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀалгӀарарасдасан
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъдасан
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъдасан
0
|
чӀалгӀарараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀалгӀарарасухъ
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъухъ
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъухъ
0
|
чӀалгӀараразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀалгӀарарасухъе
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъухъе
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъухъе
0
|
чӀалгӀараразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀалгӀарарасухъа
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъухъа
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъухъа
0
|
чӀалгӀараразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀалгӀарарасухъан
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъухъан
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъухъан
0
|
чӀалгӀараразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀалгӀарарасулъ
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъулъ
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъулъ
0
|
чӀалгӀараразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀалгӀарарасулъе
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъулъе
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъулъе
0
|
чӀалгӀараразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀалгӀарарасулъа
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъулъа
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъулъа
0
|
чӀалгӀараразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀалгӀарарасулъан
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъулъан
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъулъан
0
|
чӀалгӀараразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀалгӀарарасукь
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъукь
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъукь
0
|
чӀалгӀараразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀалгӀарарасукье
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъукье
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъукье
0
|
чӀалгӀараразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀалгӀарарасукьа
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъукьа
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъукьа
0
|
чӀалгӀараразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀалгӀарарасукьан
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъукьан
0
|
чӀалгӀараралъукьан
0
|
чӀалгӀараразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀалгӀарун
[t͡ʃʼalʕarun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀалгӀарун
[t͡ʃʼalʕarun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀалгӀаринчӀого
[t͡ʃˀalʕarint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀалгӀарунаго
[t͡ʃʼalʕarunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀалгӀарунарого
[t͡ʃˀalʕarunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀалгӀарин
[t͡ʃʼalʕarin]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀалгӀарине
[t͡ʃˀalʕarine]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀалгӀаринавизе
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinawize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀалгӀаринайизе
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinajize]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринабизе
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinabize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀалгӀаринаризе
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀалгӀаринавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinawularo]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinajularo]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀalʕarinabularo]/
0
|
чӀалгӀаринаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼalʕarinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀалгӀаранхъизе
[t͡ʃʼalʕaranq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀалгӀаранхъиларо
[t͡ʃˀalʕaranq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀалгӀар-чӀалгӀарине
[t͡ʃˀalʕar-t͡ʃˀalʕarine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀалгӀар-чӀалгӀаринаро
[t͡ʃˀalʕar-t͡ʃˀalʕarinaro]
0
|
|||