Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
чесать
зачесать
начесать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: khkhaze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
230265
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
10
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ххана
[χːana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ххачӀо
[χːat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ххала
[χːala]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ххаларо
[χːalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ххала
[χːala]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ххаларо
[χːalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ххалаан
[χːalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ххалароан
[χːalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хха
[χːa]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ххаге
[χːage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ххаги
[χːagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ххагеги
[χːagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ххазин
[χːazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ххани
[χːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ххачӀони
[χːat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хханищ
[χːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ххачӀищ
[χːat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ххалищ
[χːaliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ххаларищ
[χːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ххалищ
[χːaliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ххаларищ
[χːalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ххарав
/[χːaraw]/
🔒
0
|
ххарай
/[χːaraj]/
🔒
0
|
ххараб
/[χːarab]/
🔒
8
|
ххарал
/[χːaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ххачӀев
/[χːat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
ххачӀей
/[χːat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
ххачӀеб
/[χːat͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
ххачӀел
/[χːat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ххалев
/[χːalew]/
🔒
1
|
ххалей
/[χːalej]/
0
|
ххалеб
/[χːaleb]/
🔒
5
|
ххалел
/[χːalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ххаларев
/[χːalarew]/
0
|
ххаларей
/[χːalarej]/
0
|
ххалареб
/[χːalareb]/
0
|
ххаларел
/[χːalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ххалев
/[χːalew]/
🔒
1
|
ххалей
/[χːalej]/
0
|
ххалеб
/[χːaleb]/
🔒
5
|
ххалел
/[χːalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ххаларев
/[χːalarew]/
0
|
ххаларей
/[χːalarej]/
0
|
ххалареб
/[χːalareb]/
0
|
ххаларел
/[χːalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ххазехъин
[χːazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ххазехъинро
[χːazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ххаяв
/[χːajaw]/
0
|
ххаяй
/[χːajaj]/
0
|
ххаяб
/[χːajab]/
0
|
ххаял
/[χːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ххарав
0
|
ххарай
0
|
ххараб
8
|
ххарал
1
|
| Ergative |
ххарас
0
|
ххаралъ
0
|
ххаралъ
0
|
ххараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ххарасул
0
|
ххаралъул
0
|
ххаралъул
0
|
ххаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ххарасе
0
|
ххаралъе
0
|
ххаралъе
0
|
ххаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ххарасда
0
|
ххаралъда
0
|
ххаралъда
0
|
ххаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ххарасде
0
|
ххаралъде
0
|
ххаралъде
0
|
ххаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ххарасдаса
0
|
ххаралъдаса
0
|
ххаралъдаса
0
|
ххараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ххарасдасан
0
|
ххаралъдасан
0
|
ххаралъдасан
0
|
ххараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ххарасухъ
0
|
ххаралъухъ
0
|
ххаралъухъ
0
|
ххаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ххарасухъе
0
|
ххаралъухъе
0
|
ххаралъухъе
0
|
ххаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ххарасухъа
0
|
ххаралъухъа
0
|
ххаралъухъа
0
|
ххаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ххарасухъан
0
|
ххаралъухъан
0
|
ххаралъухъан
0
|
ххаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ххарасулъ
0
|
ххаралъулъ
0
|
ххаралъулъ
0
|
ххаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ххарасулъе
0
|
ххаралъулъе
0
|
ххаралъулъе
0
|
ххаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ххарасулъа
0
|
ххаралъулъа
0
|
ххаралъулъа
0
|
ххаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ххарасулъан
0
|
ххаралъулъан
0
|
ххаралъулъан
0
|
ххаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ххарасукь
0
|
ххаралъукь
0
|
ххаралъукь
0
|
ххаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ххарасукье
0
|
ххаралъукье
0
|
ххаралъукье
0
|
ххаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ххарасукьа
0
|
ххаралъукьа
0
|
ххаралъукьа
0
|
ххаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ххарасукьан
0
|
ххаралъукьан
0
|
ххаралъукьан
0
|
ххаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ххан
[χːan]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ххан
[χːan]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ххачӀого
[χːat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ххалаго
[χːalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ххаларого
[χːalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ххай
[χːaj]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ххазе
[χːaze]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Causative |
ххазавизе
/[χːazawize]/
0
|
ххазайизе
/[χːazajize]/
0
|
ххазабизе
/[χːazabize]/
0
|
ххазаризе
/[χːazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ххазавуларо
/[χːazawularo]/
0
|
ххазайуларо
/[χːazajularo]/
0
|
ххазабуларо
/[χːazabularo]/
0
|
ххазаруларо
/[χːazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ххадаризе
[χːadarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ххадариларо
[χːadarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хха-ххазе
[χːa-χːaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хха-ххаларо
[χːa-χːalaro]
0
|
|||