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🌐 Translations
Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: zenkʼkʼeze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
231943
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[zenkˀːolew wugo]/ |
/[zenkˀːolej jigo]/ |
/[zenkˀːoleb bugo]/ |
/[zenkˀːolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[zenkˀːolew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zenkˀːolej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zenkˀːoleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[zenkˀːolel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
зенкӀкӀена
[zenkˀːena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
зенкӀкӀечӀо
[zenkˀːet͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
зенкӀкӀела
[zenkˀːela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
зенкӀкӀеларо
[zenkˀːelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
зенкӀкӀола
[zenkˀːola]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
зенкӀкӀоларо
[zenkˀːolaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
зенкӀкӀолаан
[zenkʼːolajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
зенкӀкӀолароан
[zenkʼːolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
зенкӀкӀе
[zenkˀːe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
зенкӀкӀоге
[zenkˀːoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
зенкӀкӀеги
[zenkʼːegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
зенкӀкӀогеги
[zenkˀːogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
зенкӀкӀезин
[zenkˀːezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
зенкӀкӀени
[zenkˀːeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
зенкӀкӀечӀони
[zenkˀːet͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
зенкӀкӀенищ
[zenkˀːeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зенкӀкӀечӀищ
[zenkˀːet͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
зенкӀкӀолищ
[zenkˀːoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
зенкӀкӀоларищ
[zenkˀːolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
зенкӀкӀелищ
[zenkˀːeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зенкӀкӀеларищ
[zenkˀːelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
зенкӀкӀерав
/[zenkˀːeraw]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀерай
/[zenkˀːeraj]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀераб
/[zenkˀːerab]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀерал
/[zenkˀːeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
зенкӀкӀечӀев
/[zenkˀːet͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀечӀей
/[zenkˀːet͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀечӀеб
/[zenkˀːet͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀечӀел
/[zenkˀːet͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
зенкӀкӀолев
/[zenkˀːolew]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀолей
/[zenkˀːolej]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀолеб
/[zenkˀːoleb]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀолел
/[zenkˀːolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
зенкӀкӀоларев
/[zenkˀːolarew]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀоларей
/[zenkˀːolarej]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀолареб
/[zenkˀːolareb]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀоларел
/[zenkˀːolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
зенкӀкӀелев
/[zenkˀːelew]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀелей
/[zenkˀːelej]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀелеб
/[zenkˀːeleb]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀелел
/[zenkˀːelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
зенкӀкӀеларев
/[zenkˀːelarew]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀеларей
/[zenkˀːelarej]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀелареб
/[zenkˀːelareb]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀеларел
/[zenkˀːelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
зенкӀкӀезехъин
[zenkˀːezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
зенкӀкӀезехъинро
[zenkˀːezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
зенкӀкӀеяв
/[zenkˀːejaw]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀеяй
/[zenkˀːejaj]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀеяб
/[zenkˀːejab]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀеял
/[zenkʼːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
зенкӀкӀерав
0
|
зенкӀкӀерай
0
|
зенкӀкӀераб
0
|
зенкӀкӀерал
0
|
| Ergative |
зенкӀкӀерас
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъ
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъ
0
|
зенкӀкӀераз
0
|
| Genitive |
зенкӀкӀерасул
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъул
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъул
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразул
0
|
| Dative |
зенкӀкӀерасе
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъе
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъе
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
зенкӀкӀерасда
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъда
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъда
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
зенкӀкӀерасде
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъде
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъде
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
зенкӀкӀерасдаса
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъдаса
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъдаса
0
|
зенкӀкӀераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
зенкӀкӀерасдасан
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъдасан
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъдасан
0
|
зенкӀкӀераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
зенкӀкӀерасухъ
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъухъ
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъухъ
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
зенкӀкӀерасухъе
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъухъе
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъухъе
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
зенкӀкӀерасухъа
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъухъа
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъухъа
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
зенкӀкӀерасухъан
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъухъан
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъухъан
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
зенкӀкӀерасулъ
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъулъ
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъулъ
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
зенкӀкӀерасулъе
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъулъе
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъулъе
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
зенкӀкӀерасулъа
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъулъа
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъулъа
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
зенкӀкӀерасулъан
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъулъан
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъулъан
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
зенкӀкӀерасукь
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъукь
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъукь
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
зенкӀкӀерасукье
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъукье
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъукье
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
зенкӀкӀерасукьа
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъукьа
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъукьа
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
зенкӀкӀерасукьан
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъукьан
0
|
зенкӀкӀералъукьан
0
|
зенкӀкӀеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
зенкӀкӀон
[zenkʼːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
зенкӀкӀон
[zenkˀːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
зенкӀкӀечӀого
[zenkˀːet͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
зенкӀкӀолаго
[zenkˀːolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
зенкӀкӀоларого
[zenkˀːolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
зенкӀкӀей
[zenkˀːej]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
зенкӀкӀезе
[zenkˀːeze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
зенкӀкӀезавизе
/[zenkʼːezawize]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀезайизе
/[zenkʼːezajize]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀезабизе
/[zenkˀːezabize]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀезаризе
/[zenkʼːezarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
зенкӀкӀезавуларо
/[zenkʼːezawularo]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀезайуларо
/[zenkʼːezajularo]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀезабуларо
/[zenkˀːezabularo]/
0
|
зенкӀкӀезаруларо
/[zenkʼːezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
зенкӀкӀеаризе
[zenkˀːejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
зенкӀкӀеариларо
[zenkˀːejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
зенкӀкӀ-зенкӀкӀезе
[zenkˀː-zenkˀːeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
зенкӀкӀ-зенкӀкӀеларо
[zenkˀː-zenkˀːelaro]
0
|
|||