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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: betakhkhine
Derivation Method
Suffix
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-ххине
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
2552
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2026-02-15 06:19
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[betaχːunew wugo]/ |
/[betaχːunej jigo]/ |
/[betaχːuneb bugo]/ |
/[betaχːunel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[betaχːunew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[betaχːunej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[betaχːuneb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[betaχːunel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
бетаххана
[betaχːana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
бетаххинчӀо
[betaχːint͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
бетаххина
[betaχːina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
бетаххинаро
[betaχːinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
бетаххуна
[betaχːuna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
бетаххунаро
[betaχːunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
бетаххунаан
[betaχːunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
бетаххунароан
[betaχːunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
бетахха
[betaχːa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
бетаххунге
[betaχːunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
бетаххаги
[betaχːagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
бетаххунгеги
[betaχːungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
бетаххинин
[betaχːinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
бетаххани
[betaχːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
бетаххинчӀони
[betaχːint͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
бетахханищ
[betaχːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бетаххинчӀищ
[betaχːint͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
бетаххунищ
[betaχːuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
бетаххунарищ
[betaχːunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
бетаххинищ
[betaχːiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бетаххинарищ
[betaχːinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
бетаххарав
/[betaχːaraw]/
0
|
бетаххарай
/[betaχːaraj]/
0
|
бетаххараб
/[betaχːarab]/
0
|
бетаххарал
/[betaχːaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
бетаххинчӀев
/[betaχːint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
бетаххинчӀей
/[betaχːint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бетаххинчӀеб
/[betaχːint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
бетаххинчӀел
/[betaχːint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
бетаххунев
/[betaχːunew]/
0
|
бетаххуней
/[betaχːunej]/
0
|
бетаххунеб
/[betaχːuneb]/
0
|
бетаххунел
/[betaχːunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
бетаххунарев
/[betaχːunarew]/
0
|
бетаххунарей
/[betaχːunarej]/
0
|
бетаххунареб
/[betaχːunareb]/
0
|
бетаххунарел
/[betaχːunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
бетаххинев
/[betaχːinew]/
0
|
бетаххиней
/[betaχːinej]/
0
|
бетаххинеб
/[betaχːineb]/
0
|
бетаххинел
/[betaχːinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
бетаххинарев
/[betaχːinarew]/
0
|
бетаххинарей
/[betaχːinarej]/
0
|
бетаххинареб
/[betaχːinareb]/
0
|
бетаххинарел
/[betaχːinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
бетаххинехъин
[betaχːineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
бетаххинехъинро
[betaχːineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
бетаххаяв
/[betaχːajaw]/
0
|
бетаххаяй
/[betaχːajaj]/
0
|
бетаххаяб
/[betaχːajab]/
0
|
бетаххаял
/[betaχːajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
бетаххарав
0
|
бетаххарай
0
|
бетаххараб
0
|
бетаххарал
0
|
| Ergative |
бетаххарас
0
|
бетаххаралъ
0
|
бетаххаралъ
0
|
бетаххараз
0
|
| Genitive |
бетаххарасул
0
|
бетаххаралъул
0
|
бетаххаралъул
0
|
бетаххаразул
0
|
| Dative |
бетаххарасе
0
|
бетаххаралъе
0
|
бетаххаралъе
0
|
бетаххаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
бетаххарасда
0
|
бетаххаралъда
0
|
бетаххаралъда
0
|
бетаххаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
бетаххарасде
0
|
бетаххаралъде
0
|
бетаххаралъде
0
|
бетаххаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
бетаххарасдаса
0
|
бетаххаралъдаса
0
|
бетаххаралъдаса
0
|
бетаххараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
бетаххарасдасан
0
|
бетаххаралъдасан
0
|
бетаххаралъдасан
0
|
бетаххараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
бетаххарасухъ
0
|
бетаххаралъухъ
0
|
бетаххаралъухъ
0
|
бетаххаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
бетаххарасухъе
0
|
бетаххаралъухъе
0
|
бетаххаралъухъе
0
|
бетаххаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
бетаххарасухъа
0
|
бетаххаралъухъа
0
|
бетаххаралъухъа
0
|
бетаххаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
бетаххарасухъан
0
|
бетаххаралъухъан
0
|
бетаххаралъухъан
0
|
бетаххаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
бетаххарасулъ
0
|
бетаххаралъулъ
0
|
бетаххаралъулъ
0
|
бетаххаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
бетаххарасулъе
0
|
бетаххаралъулъе
0
|
бетаххаралъулъе
0
|
бетаххаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
бетаххарасулъа
0
|
бетаххаралъулъа
0
|
бетаххаралъулъа
0
|
бетаххаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
бетаххарасулъан
0
|
бетаххаралъулъан
0
|
бетаххаралъулъан
0
|
бетаххаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
бетаххарасукь
0
|
бетаххаралъукь
0
|
бетаххаралъукь
0
|
бетаххаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
бетаххарасукье
0
|
бетаххаралъукье
0
|
бетаххаралъукье
0
|
бетаххаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
бетаххарасукьа
0
|
бетаххаралъукьа
0
|
бетаххаралъукьа
0
|
бетаххаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
бетаххарасукьан
0
|
бетаххаралъукьан
0
|
бетаххаралъукьан
0
|
бетаххаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
бетаххун
[betaχːun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
бетаххун
[betaχːun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
бетаххинчӀого
[betaχːint͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
бетаххунаго
[betaχːunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
бетаххунарого
[betaχːunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
бетаххин
[betaχːin]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
бетаххине
[betaχːine]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
бетаххинавизе
/[betaχːinawize]/
🔒
0
|
бетаххинайизе
/[betaχːinajize]/
0
|
бетаххинабизе
/[betaχːinabize]/
🔒
0
|
бетаххинаризе
/[betaχːinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
бетаххинавуларо
/[betaχːinawularo]/
0
|
бетаххинайуларо
/[betaχːinajularo]/
0
|
бетаххинабуларо
/[betaχːinabularo]/
0
|
бетаххинаруларо
/[betaχːinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
бетахханхъизе
[betaχːanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
бетахханхъиларо
[betaχːanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
бетахх-бетаххине
[betaχː-betaχːine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
бетахх-бетаххинаро
[betaχː-betaχːinaro]
0
|
|||