Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: qalachine
Derivation Method
Suffix
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-чине
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
2554
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2026-02-15 06:19
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunew wugo]/ |
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunej jigo]/ |
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃuneb bugo]/ |
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃuneb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хъалачана
[q͡χːalat͡ʃana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хъалачинчӀо
[q͡χːalat͡ʃint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хъалачина
[q͡χːalat͡ʃina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хъалачинаро
[q͡χːalat͡ʃinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хъалачуна
[q͡χːalat͡ʃuna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хъалачунаро
[q͡χːalat͡ʃunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъалачунаан
[q͡χːalat͡ʃunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хъалачунароан
[q͡χːalat͡ʃunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъалача
[q͡χːalat͡ʃa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъалачунге
[q͡χːalat͡ʃunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хъалачаги
[q͡χːalat͡ʃagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъалачунгеги
[q͡χːalat͡ʃungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хъалачинин
[q͡χːalat͡ʃinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъалачани
[q͡χːalat͡ʃani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хъалачинчӀони
[q͡χːalat͡ʃint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъалачанищ
[q͡χːalat͡ʃaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъалачинчӀищ
[q͡χːalat͡ʃint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъалачунищ
[q͡χːalat͡ʃuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъалачунарищ
[q͡χːalat͡ʃunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъалачинищ
[q͡χːalat͡ʃiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъалачинарищ
[q͡χːalat͡ʃinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъалачарав
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃaraw]/
0
|
хъалачарай
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃaraj]/
0
|
хъалачараб
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃarab]/
0
|
хъалачарал
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъалачинчӀев
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
хъалачинчӀей
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
хъалачинчӀеб
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
хъалачинчӀел
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хъалачунев
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunew]/
0
|
хъалачуней
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunej]/
0
|
хъалачунеб
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃuneb]/
0
|
хъалачунел
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъалачунарев
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunarew]/
0
|
хъалачунарей
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunarej]/
0
|
хъалачунареб
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunareb]/
0
|
хъалачунарел
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хъалачинев
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinew]/
0
|
хъалачиней
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinej]/
0
|
хъалачинеб
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃineb]/
0
|
хъалачинел
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъалачинарев
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinarew]/
0
|
хъалачинарей
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinarej]/
0
|
хъалачинареб
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinareb]/
0
|
хъалачинарел
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъалачинехъин
[q͡χːalat͡ʃineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъалачинехъинро
[q͡χːalat͡ʃineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хъалачаяв
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃajaw]/
0
|
хъалачаяй
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃajaj]/
0
|
хъалачаяб
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃajab]/
0
|
хъалачаял
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъалачарав
0
|
хъалачарай
0
|
хъалачараб
0
|
хъалачарал
0
|
| Ergative |
хъалачарас
0
|
хъалачаралъ
0
|
хъалачаралъ
0
|
хъалачараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хъалачарасул
0
|
хъалачаралъул
0
|
хъалачаралъул
0
|
хъалачаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хъалачарасе
0
|
хъалачаралъе
0
|
хъалачаралъе
0
|
хъалачаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъалачарасда
0
|
хъалачаралъда
0
|
хъалачаралъда
0
|
хъалачаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъалачарасде
0
|
хъалачаралъде
0
|
хъалачаралъде
0
|
хъалачаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъалачарасдаса
0
|
хъалачаралъдаса
0
|
хъалачаралъдаса
0
|
хъалачараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъалачарасдасан
0
|
хъалачаралъдасан
0
|
хъалачаралъдасан
0
|
хъалачараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъалачарасухъ
0
|
хъалачаралъухъ
0
|
хъалачаралъухъ
0
|
хъалачаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъалачарасухъе
0
|
хъалачаралъухъе
0
|
хъалачаралъухъе
0
|
хъалачаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъалачарасухъа
0
|
хъалачаралъухъа
0
|
хъалачаралъухъа
0
|
хъалачаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъалачарасухъан
0
|
хъалачаралъухъан
0
|
хъалачаралъухъан
0
|
хъалачаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъалачарасулъ
0
|
хъалачаралъулъ
0
|
хъалачаралъулъ
0
|
хъалачаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъалачарасулъе
0
|
хъалачаралъулъе
0
|
хъалачаралъулъе
0
|
хъалачаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъалачарасулъа
0
|
хъалачаралъулъа
0
|
хъалачаралъулъа
0
|
хъалачаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъалачарасулъан
0
|
хъалачаралъулъан
0
|
хъалачаралъулъан
0
|
хъалачаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъалачарасукь
0
|
хъалачаралъукь
0
|
хъалачаралъукь
0
|
хъалачаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъалачарасукье
0
|
хъалачаралъукье
0
|
хъалачаралъукье
0
|
хъалачаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъалачарасукьа
0
|
хъалачаралъукьа
0
|
хъалачаралъукьа
0
|
хъалачаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъалачарасукьан
0
|
хъалачаралъукьан
0
|
хъалачаралъукьан
0
|
хъалачаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъалачун
[q͡χːalat͡ʃun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хъалачун
[q͡χːalat͡ʃun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъалачинчӀого
[q͡χːalat͡ʃint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хъалачунаго
[q͡χːalat͡ʃunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъалачунарого
[q͡χːalat͡ʃunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъалачин
[q͡χːalat͡ʃin]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хъалачине
[q͡χːalat͡ʃine]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
хъалачинавизе
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinawize]/
🔒
0
|
хъалачинайизе
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinajize]/
0
|
хъалачинабизе
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinabize]/
🔒
0
|
хъалачинаризе
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хъалачинавуларо
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinawularo]/
0
|
хъалачинайуларо
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinajularo]/
0
|
хъалачинабуларо
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinabularo]/
0
|
хъалачинаруларо
/[q͡χːalat͡ʃinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хъалачанхъизе
[q͡χːalat͡ʃanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хъалачанхъиларо
[q͡χːalat͡ʃanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хъалач-хъалачине
[q͡χːalat͡ʃ-q͡χːalat͡ʃine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хъалач-хъалачинаро
[q͡χːalat͡ʃ-q͡χːalat͡ʃinaro]
0
|
|||