Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
подмести сверху
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tʼochine
Derivation Method
Suffix
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-чине
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
2559
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2026-02-15 06:19
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
тӀочана
[tˀot͡ʃana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тӀочинчӀо
[tˀot͡ʃint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тӀочина
[tˀot͡ʃina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀочинаро
[tˀot͡ʃinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тӀочуна
[tˀot͡ʃuna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тӀочунаро
[tˀot͡ʃunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀочунаан
[tʼot͡ʃunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀочунароан
[tʼot͡ʃunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀоча
[tˀot͡ʃa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀочунге
[tˀot͡ʃunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тӀочаги
[tˀot͡ʃagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀочунгеги
[tˀot͡ʃungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тӀочинин
[tʼot͡ʃinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тӀочани
[tˀot͡ʃani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тӀочинчӀони
[tˀot͡ʃint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀочанищ
[tˀot͡ʃaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀочинчӀищ
[tˀot͡ʃint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀочунищ
[tˀot͡ʃuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀочунарищ
[tˀot͡ʃunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀочинищ
[tˀot͡ʃiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀочинарищ
[tˀot͡ʃinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀочарав
/[tʼot͡ʃaraw]/
0
|
тӀочарай
/[tʼot͡ʃaraj]/
0
|
тӀочараб
/[tʼot͡ʃarab]/
0
|
тӀочарал
/[tʼot͡ʃaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀочинчӀев
/[tʼot͡ʃint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
тӀочинчӀей
/[tʼot͡ʃint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
тӀочинчӀеб
/[tʼot͡ʃint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
тӀочинчӀел
/[tʼot͡ʃint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀочунев
/[tʼot͡ʃunew]/
0
|
тӀочуней
/[tʼot͡ʃunej]/
0
|
тӀочунеб
/[tʼot͡ʃuneb]/
0
|
тӀочунел
/[tʼot͡ʃunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀочунарев
/[tʼot͡ʃunarew]/
0
|
тӀочунарей
/[tʼot͡ʃunarej]/
0
|
тӀочунареб
/[tʼot͡ʃunareb]/
0
|
тӀочунарел
/[tʼot͡ʃunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀочинев
/[tʼot͡ʃinew]/
0
|
тӀочиней
/[tʼot͡ʃinej]/
0
|
тӀочинеб
/[tʼot͡ʃineb]/
0
|
тӀочинел
/[tʼot͡ʃinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀочинарев
/[tʼot͡ʃinarew]/
0
|
тӀочинарей
/[tʼot͡ʃinarej]/
0
|
тӀочинареб
/[tʼot͡ʃinareb]/
0
|
тӀочинарел
/[tʼot͡ʃinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀочинехъин
[tʼot͡ʃineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀочинехъинро
[tʼot͡ʃineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тӀочаяв
/[tˀot͡ʃajaw]/
0
|
тӀочаяй
/[tˀot͡ʃajaj]/
0
|
тӀочаяб
/[tˀot͡ʃajab]/
0
|
тӀочаял
/[tʼot͡ʃajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀочарав
0
|
тӀочарай
0
|
тӀочараб
0
|
тӀочарал
0
|
| Ergative |
тӀочарас
0
|
тӀочаралъ
0
|
тӀочаралъ
0
|
тӀочараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀочарасул
0
|
тӀочаралъул
0
|
тӀочаралъул
0
|
тӀочаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀочарасе
0
|
тӀочаралъе
0
|
тӀочаралъе
0
|
тӀочаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀочарасда
0
|
тӀочаралъда
0
|
тӀочаралъда
0
|
тӀочаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀочарасде
0
|
тӀочаралъде
0
|
тӀочаралъде
0
|
тӀочаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀочарасдаса
0
|
тӀочаралъдаса
0
|
тӀочаралъдаса
0
|
тӀочараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀочарасдасан
0
|
тӀочаралъдасан
0
|
тӀочаралъдасан
0
|
тӀочараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀочарасухъ
0
|
тӀочаралъухъ
0
|
тӀочаралъухъ
0
|
тӀочаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀочарасухъе
0
|
тӀочаралъухъе
0
|
тӀочаралъухъе
0
|
тӀочаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀочарасухъа
0
|
тӀочаралъухъа
0
|
тӀочаралъухъа
0
|
тӀочаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀочарасухъан
0
|
тӀочаралъухъан
0
|
тӀочаралъухъан
0
|
тӀочаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀочарасулъ
0
|
тӀочаралъулъ
0
|
тӀочаралъулъ
0
|
тӀочаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀочарасулъе
0
|
тӀочаралъулъе
0
|
тӀочаралъулъе
0
|
тӀочаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀочарасулъа
0
|
тӀочаралъулъа
0
|
тӀочаралъулъа
0
|
тӀочаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀочарасулъан
0
|
тӀочаралъулъан
0
|
тӀочаралъулъан
0
|
тӀочаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀочарасукь
0
|
тӀочаралъукь
0
|
тӀочаралъукь
0
|
тӀочаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀочарасукье
0
|
тӀочаралъукье
0
|
тӀочаралъукье
0
|
тӀочаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀочарасукьа
0
|
тӀочаралъукьа
0
|
тӀочаралъукьа
0
|
тӀочаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀочарасукьан
0
|
тӀочаралъукьан
0
|
тӀочаралъукьан
0
|
тӀочаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀочун
[tʼot͡ʃun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тӀочун
[tʼot͡ʃun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀочинчӀого
[tˀot͡ʃint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тӀочунаго
[tʼot͡ʃunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀочунарого
[tˀot͡ʃunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀочин
[tʼot͡ʃin]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тӀочине
[tˀot͡ʃine]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
тӀочинавизе
/[tʼot͡ʃinawize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀочинайизе
/[tʼot͡ʃinajize]/
0
|
тӀочинабизе
/[tʼot͡ʃinabize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀочинаризе
/[tʼot͡ʃinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тӀочинавуларо
/[tʼot͡ʃinawularo]/
0
|
тӀочинайуларо
/[tʼot͡ʃinajularo]/
0
|
тӀочинабуларо
/[tˀot͡ʃinabularo]/
0
|
тӀочинаруларо
/[tʼot͡ʃinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тӀочанхъизе
[tʼot͡ʃanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тӀочанхъиларо
[tˀot͡ʃanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тӀоч-тӀочине
[tˀot͡ʃ-tˀot͡ʃine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀоч-тӀочинаро
[tˀot͡ʃ-tˀot͡ʃinaro]
0
|
|||