Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
тужиться, стонать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
VC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: uhhdize
Derivation Method
Suffix
Derivation Suffix
-ди
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
2574
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2026-02-15 06:29
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ухӀдана
[ʔuʕdana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
ухӀдичӀо
[ʔuʕdit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
ухӀдила
[ʔuʕdila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
ухӀдиларо
[ʔuʕdilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
ухӀдула
[ʔuʕdula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
ухӀдуларо
[ʔuʕdularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ухӀдулаан
[ʔuʕdulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
ухӀдулароан
[ʔuʕdularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ухӀде
[ʔuʕde]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ухӀдуге
[ʔuʕduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
ухӀдеги
[ʔuʕdegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
ухӀдугеги
[ʔuʕdugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
ухӀдизин
[ʔuʕdizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ухӀдани
[ʔuʕdani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
ухӀдичӀони
[ʔuʕdit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ухӀданищ
[ʔuʕdaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ухӀдичӀищ
[ʔuʕdit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ухӀдулищ
[ʔuʕduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ухӀдуларищ
[ʔuʕdulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ухӀдилищ
[ʔuʕdiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ухӀдиларищ
[ʔuʕdilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ухӀдарав
/[ʔuʕdaraw]/
0
|
ухӀдарай
/[ʔuʕdaraj]/
0
|
ухӀдараб
/[ʔuʕdarab]/
0
|
ухӀдарал
/[ʔuʕdaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ухӀдичӀев
/[ʔuʕdit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
ухӀдичӀей
/[ʔuʕdit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
ухӀдичӀеб
/[ʔuʕdit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
ухӀдичӀел
/[ʔuʕdit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ухӀдулев
/[ʔuʕdulew]/
0
|
ухӀдулей
/[ʔuʕdulej]/
0
|
ухӀдулеб
/[ʔuʕduleb]/
0
|
ухӀдулел
/[ʔuʕdulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ухӀдуларев
/[ʔuʕdularew]/
0
|
ухӀдуларей
/[ʔuʕdularej]/
0
|
ухӀдулареб
/[ʔuʕdulareb]/
0
|
ухӀдуларел
/[ʔuʕdularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
ухӀдилев
/[ʔuʕdilew]/
0
|
ухӀдилей
/[ʔuʕdilej]/
0
|
ухӀдилеб
/[ʔuʕdileb]/
0
|
ухӀдилел
/[ʔuʕdilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ухӀдиларев
/[ʔuʕdilarew]/
0
|
ухӀдиларей
/[ʔuʕdilarej]/
0
|
ухӀдилареб
/[ʔuʕdilareb]/
0
|
ухӀдиларел
/[ʔuʕdilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ухӀдизехъин
[ʔuʕdizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ухӀдизехъинро
[ʔuʕdizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
ухӀдеяв
/[ʔuʕdejaw]/
0
|
ухӀдеяй
/[ʔuʕdejaj]/
0
|
ухӀдеяб
/[ʔuʕdejab]/
0
|
ухӀдеял
/[ʔuʕdejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ухӀдарав
0
|
ухӀдарай
0
|
ухӀдараб
0
|
ухӀдарал
0
|
| Ergative |
ухӀдарас
0
|
ухӀдаралъ
0
|
ухӀдаралъ
0
|
ухӀдараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ухӀдарасул
0
|
ухӀдаралъул
0
|
ухӀдаралъул
0
|
ухӀдаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ухӀдарасе
0
|
ухӀдаралъе
0
|
ухӀдаралъе
0
|
ухӀдаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ухӀдарасда
0
|
ухӀдаралъда
0
|
ухӀдаралъда
0
|
ухӀдаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ухӀдарасде
0
|
ухӀдаралъде
0
|
ухӀдаралъде
0
|
ухӀдаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ухӀдарасдаса
0
|
ухӀдаралъдаса
0
|
ухӀдаралъдаса
0
|
ухӀдараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ухӀдарасдасан
0
|
ухӀдаралъдасан
0
|
ухӀдаралъдасан
0
|
ухӀдараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ухӀдарасухъ
0
|
ухӀдаралъухъ
0
|
ухӀдаралъухъ
0
|
ухӀдаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ухӀдарасухъе
0
|
ухӀдаралъухъе
0
|
ухӀдаралъухъе
0
|
ухӀдаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ухӀдарасухъа
0
|
ухӀдаралъухъа
0
|
ухӀдаралъухъа
0
|
ухӀдаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ухӀдарасухъан
0
|
ухӀдаралъухъан
0
|
ухӀдаралъухъан
0
|
ухӀдаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ухӀдарасулъ
0
|
ухӀдаралъулъ
0
|
ухӀдаралъулъ
0
|
ухӀдаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ухӀдарасулъе
0
|
ухӀдаралъулъе
0
|
ухӀдаралъулъе
0
|
ухӀдаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ухӀдарасулъа
0
|
ухӀдаралъулъа
0
|
ухӀдаралъулъа
0
|
ухӀдаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ухӀдарасулъан
0
|
ухӀдаралъулъан
0
|
ухӀдаралъулъан
0
|
ухӀдаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ухӀдарасукь
0
|
ухӀдаралъукь
0
|
ухӀдаралъукь
0
|
ухӀдаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ухӀдарасукье
0
|
ухӀдаралъукье
0
|
ухӀдаралъукье
0
|
ухӀдаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ухӀдарасукьа
0
|
ухӀдаралъукьа
0
|
ухӀдаралъукьа
0
|
ухӀдаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ухӀдарасукьан
0
|
ухӀдаралъукьан
0
|
ухӀдаралъукьан
0
|
ухӀдаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ухӀдун
[ʔuʕdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
ухӀдун
[ʔuʕdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ухӀдичӀого
[ʔuʕdit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
ухӀдулаго
[ʔuʕdulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
ухӀдуларого
[ʔuʕdularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ухӀди
[ʔuʕdi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
ухӀдизе
[ʔuʕdize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
ухӀдизавизе
/[ʔuʕdizawize]/
0
|
ухӀдизайизе
/[ʔuʕdizajize]/
0
|
ухӀдизабизе
/[ʔuʕdizabize]/
0
|
ухӀдизаризе
/[ʔuʕdizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ухӀдизавуларо
/[ʔuʕdizawularo]/
0
|
ухӀдизайуларо
/[ʔuʕdizajularo]/
0
|
ухӀдизабуларо
/[ʔuʕdizabularo]/
0
|
ухӀдизаруларо
/[ʔuʕdizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ухӀдиаризе
[ʔuʕdijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
ухӀдиариларо
[ʔuʕdijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
ухӀд-ухӀдизе
[ʔuʕd-uʕdize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
ухӀд-ухӀдиларо
[ʔuʕd-uʕdilaro]
0
|
|||