Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
приходить в изумление; изумляться, поражаться чем-л.
English
to be amazed, to be astonished, to be struck by wonder
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: berbikhkhize
Derivation Method
Spelling_variant
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
2634
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-02-15 06:49
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[berbiχːulew wugo]/ |
/[berbiχːulej jigo]/ |
/[berbiχːuleb bugo]/ |
/[berbiχːulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[berbiχːulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[berbiχːulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[berbiχːuleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[berbiχːulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
бербиххана
[berbiχːana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
бербиххичӀо
[berbiχːit͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
бербиххила
[berbiχːila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
бербиххиларо
[berbiχːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
бербиххула
[berbiχːula]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
бербиххуларо
[berbiχːularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
бербиххулаан
[berbiχːulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
бербиххулароан
[berbiχːularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
бербиххе
[berbiχːe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
бербиххуге
[berbiχːuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
бербиххеги
[berbiχːegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
бербиххугеги
[berbiχːugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
бербиххизин
[berbiχːizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
бербиххани
[berbiχːani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
бербиххичӀони
[berbiχːit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
бербихханищ
[berbiχːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бербиххичӀищ
[berbiχːit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
бербиххулищ
[berbiχːuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
бербиххуларищ
[berbiχːulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
бербиххилищ
[berbiχːiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бербиххиларищ
[berbiχːilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
бербиххарав
/[berbiχːaraw]/
0
|
бербиххарай
/[berbiχːaraj]/
0
|
бербиххараб
/[berbiχːarab]/
0
|
бербиххарал
/[berbiχːaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
бербиххичӀев
/[berbiχːit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
бербиххичӀей
/[berbiχːit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бербиххичӀеб
/[berbiχːit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
бербиххичӀел
/[berbiχːit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
бербиххулев
/[berbiχːulew]/
0
|
бербиххулей
/[berbiχːulej]/
0
|
бербиххулеб
/[berbiχːuleb]/
0
|
бербиххулел
/[berbiχːulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
бербиххуларев
/[berbiχːularew]/
0
|
бербиххуларей
/[berbiχːularej]/
0
|
бербиххулареб
/[berbiχːulareb]/
0
|
бербиххуларел
/[berbiχːularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
бербиххилев
/[berbiχːilew]/
0
|
бербиххилей
/[berbiχːilej]/
0
|
бербиххилеб
/[berbiχːileb]/
0
|
бербиххилел
/[berbiχːilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
бербиххиларев
/[berbiχːilarew]/
0
|
бербиххиларей
/[berbiχːilarej]/
0
|
бербиххилареб
/[berbiχːilareb]/
0
|
бербиххиларел
/[berbiχːilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
бербиххизехъин
[berbiχːizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
бербиххизехъинро
[berbiχːizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
бербиххеяв
/[berbiχːejaw]/
0
|
бербиххеяй
/[berbiχːejaj]/
0
|
бербиххеяб
/[berbiχːejab]/
0
|
бербиххеял
/[berbiχːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
бербиххарав
0
|
бербиххарай
0
|
бербиххараб
0
|
бербиххарал
0
|
| Ergative |
бербиххарас
0
|
бербиххаралъ
0
|
бербиххаралъ
0
|
бербиххараз
0
|
| Genitive |
бербиххарасул
0
|
бербиххаралъул
0
|
бербиххаралъул
0
|
бербиххаразул
0
|
| Dative |
бербиххарасе
0
|
бербиххаралъе
0
|
бербиххаралъе
0
|
бербиххаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
бербиххарасда
0
|
бербиххаралъда
0
|
бербиххаралъда
0
|
бербиххаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
бербиххарасде
0
|
бербиххаралъде
0
|
бербиххаралъде
0
|
бербиххаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
бербиххарасдаса
0
|
бербиххаралъдаса
0
|
бербиххаралъдаса
0
|
бербиххараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
бербиххарасдасан
0
|
бербиххаралъдасан
0
|
бербиххаралъдасан
0
|
бербиххараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
бербиххарасухъ
0
|
бербиххаралъухъ
0
|
бербиххаралъухъ
0
|
бербиххаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
бербиххарасухъе
0
|
бербиххаралъухъе
0
|
бербиххаралъухъе
0
|
бербиххаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
бербиххарасухъа
0
|
бербиххаралъухъа
0
|
бербиххаралъухъа
0
|
бербиххаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
бербиххарасухъан
0
|
бербиххаралъухъан
0
|
бербиххаралъухъан
0
|
бербиххаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
бербиххарасулъ
0
|
бербиххаралъулъ
0
|
бербиххаралъулъ
0
|
бербиххаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
бербиххарасулъе
0
|
бербиххаралъулъе
0
|
бербиххаралъулъе
0
|
бербиххаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
бербиххарасулъа
0
|
бербиххаралъулъа
0
|
бербиххаралъулъа
0
|
бербиххаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
бербиххарасулъан
0
|
бербиххаралъулъан
0
|
бербиххаралъулъан
0
|
бербиххаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
бербиххарасукь
0
|
бербиххаралъукь
0
|
бербиххаралъукь
0
|
бербиххаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
бербиххарасукье
0
|
бербиххаралъукье
0
|
бербиххаралъукье
0
|
бербиххаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
бербиххарасукьа
0
|
бербиххаралъукьа
0
|
бербиххаралъукьа
0
|
бербиххаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
бербиххарасукьан
0
|
бербиххаралъукьан
0
|
бербиххаралъукьан
0
|
бербиххаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
бербиххун
[berbiχːun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
бербиххун
[berbiχːun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
бербиххичӀого
[berbiχːit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
бербиххулаго
[berbiχːulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
бербиххуларого
[berbiχːularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
бербиххи
[berbiχːi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
бербиххизе
[berbiχːize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
бербиххизавизе
/[berbiχːizawize]/
0
|
бербиххизайизе
/[berbiχːizajize]/
0
|
бербиххизабизе
/[berbiχːizabize]/
0
|
бербиххизаризе
/[berbiχːizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
бербиххизавуларо
/[berbiχːizawularo]/
0
|
бербиххизайуларо
/[berbiχːizajularo]/
0
|
бербиххизабуларо
/[berbiχːizabularo]/
0
|
бербиххизаруларо
/[berbiχːizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
бербиххиаризе
[berbiχːijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
бербиххиариларо
[berbiχːijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
бербихх-бербиххизе
[berbiχː-berbiχːize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
бербихх-бербиххиларо
[berbiχː-berbiχːilaro]
0
|
|||