Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
летать; летать, (по)лететь; парить
полететь
пролететь
слететь
штопорить
English
to fly; to soar; to take flight
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: borzhine
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
277403
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-07-23 18:00
Attestation Count
29
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
воржана
/[worʒana]/
🔒
8
|
йоржана
/[jorʒana]/
0
ёржана
/[jorʒana]/
0
|
боржана
/[borʒana]/
🔒
8
|
роржана
/[rorʒana]/
🔒
6
|
| Past Simple Negative |
воржинчӀо
/[worʒint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йоржинчӀо
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼo]/
0
ёржинчӀо
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
боржинчӀо
/[borʒint͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
2
|
роржинчӀо
/[rorʒint͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
воржина
/[worʒina]/
0
|
йоржина
/[jorʒina]/
0
ёржина
/[jorʒina]/
0
|
боржина
/[borʒina]/
0
|
роржина
/[rorʒina]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
воржинаро
/[worʒinaro]/
0
|
йоржинаро
/[jorʒinaro]/
0
ёржинаро
/[jorʒinaro]/
0
|
боржинаро
/[borʒinaro]/
0
|
роржинаро
/[rorʒinaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
воржуна
/[worʒuna]/
🔒
2
|
йоржуна
/[jorʒuna]/
0
ёржуна
/[jorʒuna]/
0
|
боржуна
/[borʒuna]/
🔒
8
|
роржуна
/[rorʒuna]/
🔒
5
|
| Constative Negative |
воржунаро
/[worʒunaro]/
0
|
йоржунаро
/[jorʒunaro]/
0
ёржунаро
/[jorʒunaro]/
0
|
боржунаро
/[borʒunaro]/
0
|
роржунаро
/[rorʒunaro]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
воржунаан
/[worʒunajan]/
0
|
йоржунаан
/[jorʒunajan]/
0
ёржунаан
/[jorʒunajan]/
0
|
боржунаан
/[borʒunajan]/
0
|
роржунаан
/[rorʒunajan]/
🔒
1
|
| Remote Past Negative |
воржунароан
/[worʒunarojan]/
0
|
йоржунароан
/[jorʒunarojan]/
0
ёржунароан
/[jorʒunarojan]/
0
|
боржунароан
/[borʒunarojan]/
0
|
роржунароан
/[rorʒunarojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
воржа
/[worʒa]/
0
|
йоржа
/[jorʒa]/
0
ёржа
/[jorʒa]/
0
|
боржа
/[borʒa]/
🔒
0
|
роржа
/[rorʒa]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
воржунге
/[worʒunge]/
0
|
йоржунге
/[jorʒunge]/
0
ёржунге
/[jorʒunge]/
0
|
боржунге
/[borʒunge]/
0
|
роржунге
/[rorʒunge]/
0
|
| Optative |
воржаги
/[worʒagi]/
0
|
йоржаги
/[jorʒagi]/
0
ёржаги
/[jorʒagi]/
0
|
боржаги
/[borʒagi]/
0
|
роржаги
/[rorʒagi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
воржунгеги
/[worʒungegi]/
0
|
йоржунгеги
/[jorʒungegi]/
0
ёржунгеги
/[jorʒungegi]/
0
|
боржунгеги
/[borʒungegi]/
0
|
роржунгеги
/[rorʒungegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
воржинин
/[worʒinin]/
🔒
0
|
йоржинин
/[jorʒinin]/
🔒
0
ёржинин
/[jorʒinin]/
0
|
боржинин
/[borʒinin]/
🔒
0
|
роржинин
/[rorʒinin]/
🔒
1
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
воржани
/[worʒani]/
0
|
йоржани
/[jorʒani]/
0
ёржани
/[jorʒani]/
0
|
боржани
/[borʒani]/
🔒
2
|
роржани
/[rorʒani]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
воржинчӀони
/[worʒint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йоржинчӀони
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
ёржинчӀони
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
боржинчӀони
/[borʒint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
роржинчӀони
/[rorʒint͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
воржанищ
/[worʒaniʃː]/
0
|
йоржанищ
/[jorʒaniʃː]/
0
ёржанищ
/[jorʒaniʃː]/
0
|
боржанищ
/[borʒaniʃː]/
0
|
роржанищ
/[rorʒaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
воржинчӀищ
/[worʒint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йоржинчӀищ
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
ёржинчӀищ
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
боржинчӀищ
/[borʒint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
роржинчӀищ
/[rorʒint͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
воржунищ
/[worʒuniʃː]/
0
|
йоржунищ
/[jorʒuniʃː]/
0
ёржунищ
/[jorʒuniʃː]/
0
|
боржунищ
/[borʒuniʃː]/
0
|
роржунищ
/[rorʒuniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
воржунарищ
/[worʒunariʃː]/
0
|
йоржунарищ
/[jorʒunariʃː]/
0
ёржунарищ
/[jorʒunariʃː]/
0
|
боржунарищ
/[borʒunariʃː]/
0
|
роржунарищ
/[rorʒunariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
воржинищ
/[worʒiniʃː]/
0
|
йоржинищ
/[jorʒiniʃː]/
0
ёржинищ
/[jorʒiniʃː]/
0
|
боржинищ
/[borʒiniʃː]/
0
|
роржинищ
/[rorʒiniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
воржинарищ
/[worʒinariʃː]/
0
|
йоржинарищ
/[jorʒinariʃː]/
0
ёржинарищ
/[jorʒinariʃː]/
0
|
боржинарищ
/[borʒinariʃː]/
0
|
роржинарищ
/[rorʒinariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
воржарав
/[worʒaraw]/
🔒
4
|
йоржарай
/[jorʒaraj]/
🔒
1
ёржарай
/[jorʒaraj]/
0
|
боржараб
/[borʒarab]/
🔒
3
|
роржарал
/[rorʒaral]/
🔒
3
|
| Past Participle Negative |
воржинчӀев
/[worʒint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йоржинчӀей
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼej]/
0
ёржинчӀей
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
боржинчӀеб
/[borʒint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
роржинчӀел
/[rorʒint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
воржунев
/[worʒunew]/
🔒
14
|
йоржуней
/[jorʒunej]/
🔒
3
ёржуней
/[jorʒunej]/
0
|
боржунеб
/[borʒuneb]/
🔒
31
|
роржунел
/[rorʒunel]/
🔒
37
|
| Present Participle Negative |
воржунарев
/[worʒunarew]/
🔒
1
|
йоржунарей
/[jorʒunarej]/
0
ёржунарей
/[jorʒunarej]/
0
|
боржунареб
/[borʒunareb]/
🔒
1
|
роржунарел
/[rorʒunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
воржинев
/[worʒinew]/
🔒
1
|
йоржиней
/[jorʒinej]/
0
ёржиней
/[jorʒinej]/
0
|
боржинеб
/[borʒineb]/
🔒
1
|
роржинел
/[rorʒinel]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Participle Negative |
воржинарев
/[worʒinarew]/
0
|
йоржинарей
/[jorʒinarej]/
0
ёржинарей
/[jorʒinarej]/
0
|
боржинареб
/[borʒinareb]/
0
|
роржинарел
/[rorʒinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
воржинехъин
/[worʒineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
йоржинехъин
/[jorʒineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
ёржинехъин
/[jorʒineq͡χːin]/
0
|
боржинехъин
/[borʒineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
роржинехъин
/[rorʒineq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
воржинехъинро
/[worʒineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йоржинехъинро
/[jorʒineq͡χːinro]/
0
ёржинехъинро
/[jorʒineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
боржинехъинро
/[borʒineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
роржинехъинро
/[rorʒineq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
воржаяв
/[worʒajaw]/
0
|
йоржаяй
/[jorʒajaj]/
0
ёржаяй
/[jorʒajaj]/
0
|
боржаяб
/[borʒajab]/
0
|
роржаял
/[rorʒajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
воржарав
4
|
йоржарай
1
ёржарай
0
|
боржараб
3
|
роржарал
3
|
| Ergative |
воржарас
0
|
йоржаралъ
0
ёржаралъ
0
|
боржаралъ
0
|
роржараз
1
|
| Genitive |
воржарасул
0
|
йоржаралъул
0
ёржаралъул
0
|
боржаралъул
0
|
роржаразул
2
|
| Dative |
воржарасе
0
|
йоржаралъе
0
ёржаралъе
0
|
боржаралъе
0
|
роржаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
воржарасда
0
|
йоржаралъда
0
ёржаралъда
0
|
боржаралъда
0
|
роржаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
воржарасде
0
|
йоржаралъде
0
ёржаралъде
0
|
боржаралъде
0
|
роржаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
воржарасдаса
0
|
йоржаралъдаса
0
ёржаралъдаса
0
|
боржаралъдаса
0
|
роржараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
воржарасдасан
0
|
йоржаралъдасан
0
ёржаралъдасан
0
|
боржаралъдасан
0
|
роржараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
воржарасухъ
0
|
йоржаралъухъ
0
ёржаралъухъ
0
|
боржаралъухъ
0
|
роржаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
воржарасухъе
0
|
йоржаралъухъе
0
ёржаралъухъе
0
|
боржаралъухъе
0
|
роржаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
воржарасухъа
0
|
йоржаралъухъа
0
ёржаралъухъа
0
|
боржаралъухъа
0
|
роржаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
воржарасухъан
0
|
йоржаралъухъан
0
ёржаралъухъан
0
|
боржаралъухъан
0
|
роржаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
воржарасулъ
0
|
йоржаралъулъ
0
ёржаралъулъ
0
|
боржаралъулъ
0
|
роржаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
воржарасулъе
0
|
йоржаралъулъе
0
ёржаралъулъе
0
|
боржаралъулъе
0
|
роржаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
воржарасулъа
0
|
йоржаралъулъа
0
ёржаралъулъа
0
|
боржаралъулъа
0
|
роржаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
воржарасулъан
0
|
йоржаралъулъан
0
ёржаралъулъан
0
|
боржаралъулъан
0
|
роржаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
воржарасукь
0
|
йоржаралъукь
0
ёржаралъукь
0
|
боржаралъукь
0
|
роржаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
воржарасукье
0
|
йоржаралъукье
0
ёржаралъукье
0
|
боржаралъукье
0
|
роржаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
воржарасукьа
0
|
йоржаралъукьа
0
ёржаралъукьа
0
|
боржаралъукьа
0
|
роржаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
воржарасукьан
0
|
йоржаралъукьан
0
ёржаралъукьан
0
|
боржаралъукьан
0
|
роржаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
воржун
/[worʒun]/
🔒
14
|
йоржун
/[jorʒun]/
🔒
5
ёржун
/[jorʒun]/
0
|
боржун
/[borʒun]/
🔒
53
|
роржун
/[rorʒun]/
🔒
34
|
| Adverbial Past |
воржун
/[worʒun]/
🔒
14
|
йоржун
/[jorʒun]/
🔒
5
ёржун
/[jorʒun]/
0
|
боржун
/[borʒun]/
🔒
53
|
роржун
/[rorʒun]/
🔒
34
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
воржинчӀого
/[worʒint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йоржинчӀого
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
ёржинчӀого
/[jorʒint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
боржинчӀого
/[borʒint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
роржинчӀого
/[rorʒint͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
воржунаго
/[worʒunago]/
🔒
1
|
йоржунаго
/[jorʒunago]/
0
ёржунаго
/[jorʒunago]/
0
|
боржунаго
/[borʒunago]/
🔒
4
|
роржунаго
/[rorʒunago]/
🔒
5
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
воржунарого
/[worʒunarogo]/
0
|
йоржунарого
/[jorʒunarogo]/
0
ёржунарого
/[jorʒunarogo]/
0
|
боржунарого
/[borʒunarogo]/
0
|
роржунарого
/[rorʒunarogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
воржин
/[worʒin]/
🔒
3
|
йоржин
/[jorʒin]/
🔒
1
ёржин
/[jorʒin]/
0
|
боржин
/[borʒin]/
🔒
3
|
роржин
/[rorʒin]/
🔒
4
|
| Infinitive |
воржине
/[worʒine]/
🔒
6
|
йоржине
/[jorʒine]/
🔒
4
ёржине
/[jorʒine]/
0
|
боржине
/[borʒine]/
🔒
29
|
роржине
/[rorʒine]/
🔒
33
|
| Causative |
воржинавизе
/[worʒinawize]/
🔒
0
|
йоржинайизе
/[jorʒinajize]/
0
ёржинайизе
/[jorʒinajize]/
0
|
боржинабизе
/[borʒinabize]/
🔒
4
|
роржинаризе
/[rorʒinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
воржинавуларо
/[worʒinawularo]/
0
|
йоржинайуларо
/[jorʒinajularo]/
0
ёржинайуларо
/[jorʒinajularo]/
0
|
боржинабуларо
/[borʒinabularo]/
0
|
роржинаруларо
/[rorʒinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
воржанхъизе
/[worʒanq͡χːize]/
0
|
йоржанхъизе
/[jorʒanq͡χːize]/
0
ёржанхъизе
/[jorʒanq͡χːize]/
0
|
боржанхъизе
/[borʒanq͡χːize]/
🔒
2
|
роржанхъизе
/[rorʒanq͡χːize]/
🔒
3
|
| Durative Negative |
воржанхъиларо
/[worʒanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
йоржанхъиларо
/[jorʒanq͡χːilaro]/
0
ёржанхъиларо
/[jorʒanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
боржанхъиларо
/[borʒanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
роржанхъиларо
/[rorʒanq͡χːilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
ворж-воржине
/[worʒ-worʒine]/
0
|
йорж-йоржине
/[jorʒ-jorʒine]/
0
ёрж-ёржине
/[jorʒ-jorʒine]/
0
|
борж-боржине
/[borʒ-borʒine]/
0
|
рорж-роржине
/[rorʒ-rorʒine]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
ворж-воржинаро
/[worʒ-worʒinaro]/
0
|
йорж-йоржинаро
/[jorʒ-jorʒinaro]/
0
ёрж-ёржинаро
/[jorʒ-jorʒinaro]/
0
|
борж-боржинаро
/[borʒ-borʒinaro]/
0
|
рорж-роржинаро
/[rorʒ-rorʒinaro]/
0
|