Personal Notes
This word has other meanings (homographs).
View alternatives
🌐 Translations
Russian
протекать, пропускать (о кувшине и т. п.)
English
to leak, to pass through (of a jug, etc.)
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: besize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
285817
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2026-04-22 03:43
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
бесана
[besana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
бесичӀо
[besit͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
бесила
[besila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
бесиларо
[besilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
бесула
[besula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
бесуларо
[besularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
бесулаан
[besulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
бесулароан
[besularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
бесе
[bese]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
бесуге
[besuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
бесеги
[besegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
бесугеги
[besugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
бесизин
[besizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
бесани
[besani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
бесичӀони
[besit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
бесанищ
[besaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бесичӀищ
[besit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
бесулищ
[besuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
бесуларищ
[besulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
бесилищ
[besiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бесиларищ
[besilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
бесарав
/[besaraw]/
🔒
1
|
бесарай
/[besaraj]/
🔒
1
|
бесараб
/[besarab]/
🔒
2
|
бесарал
/[besaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
бесичӀев
/[besit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
бесичӀей
/[besit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бесичӀеб
/[besit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
бесичӀел
/[besit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
бесулев
/[besulew]/
0
|
бесулей
/[besulej]/
0
|
бесулеб
/[besuleb]/
🔒
1
|
бесулел
/[besulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
бесуларев
/[besularew]/
0
|
бесуларей
/[besularej]/
0
|
бесулареб
/[besulareb]/
0
|
бесуларел
/[besularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
бесилев
/[besilew]/
0
|
бесилей
/[besilej]/
0
|
бесилеб
/[besileb]/
0
|
бесилел
/[besilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
бесиларев
/[besilarew]/
0
|
бесиларей
/[besilarej]/
0
|
бесилареб
/[besilareb]/
0
|
бесиларел
/[besilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
бесизехъин
[besizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
бесизехъинро
[besizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
бесеяв
/[besejaw]/
0
|
бесеяй
/[besejaj]/
0
|
бесеяб
/[besejab]/
0
|
бесеял
/[besejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
бесарав
1
|
бесарай
1
|
бесараб
2
|
бесарал
1
|
| Ergative |
бесарас
0
|
бесаралъ
0
|
бесаралъ
0
|
бесараз
0
|
| Genitive |
бесарасул
0
|
бесаралъул
0
|
бесаралъул
0
|
бесаразул
0
|
| Dative |
бесарасе
0
|
бесаралъе
0
|
бесаралъе
0
|
бесаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
бесарасда
0
|
бесаралъда
0
|
бесаралъда
0
|
бесаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
бесарасде
0
|
бесаралъде
0
|
бесаралъде
0
|
бесаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
бесарасдаса
0
|
бесаралъдаса
0
|
бесаралъдаса
0
|
бесараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
бесарасдасан
0
|
бесаралъдасан
0
|
бесаралъдасан
0
|
бесараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
бесарасухъ
0
|
бесаралъухъ
0
|
бесаралъухъ
0
|
бесаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
бесарасухъе
0
|
бесаралъухъе
0
|
бесаралъухъе
0
|
бесаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
бесарасухъа
0
|
бесаралъухъа
0
|
бесаралъухъа
0
|
бесаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
бесарасухъан
0
|
бесаралъухъан
0
|
бесаралъухъан
0
|
бесаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
бесарасулъ
0
|
бесаралъулъ
0
|
бесаралъулъ
0
|
бесаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
бесарасулъе
0
|
бесаралъулъе
0
|
бесаралъулъе
0
|
бесаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
бесарасулъа
0
|
бесаралъулъа
0
|
бесаралъулъа
0
|
бесаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
бесарасулъан
0
|
бесаралъулъан
0
|
бесаралъулъан
0
|
бесаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
бесарасукь
0
|
бесаралъукь
0
|
бесаралъукь
0
|
бесаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
бесарасукье
0
|
бесаралъукье
0
|
бесаралъукье
0
|
бесаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
бесарасукьа
0
|
бесаралъукьа
0
|
бесаралъукьа
0
|
бесаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
бесарасукьан
0
|
бесаралъукьан
0
|
бесаралъукьан
0
|
бесаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
бесун
[besun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
бесун
[besun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
бесичӀого
[besit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
бесулаго
[besulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
бесуларого
[besularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
беси
[besi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
бесизе
[besize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
бесизавизе
/[besizawize]/
0
|
бесизайизе
/[besizajize]/
0
|
бесизабизе
/[besizabize]/
0
|
бесизаризе
/[besizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
бесизавуларо
/[besizawularo]/
0
|
бесизайуларо
/[besizajularo]/
0
|
бесизабуларо
/[besizabularo]/
0
|
бесизаруларо
/[besizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
бесиаризе
[besijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
бесиариларо
[besijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
бес-бесизе
[bes-besize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
бес-бесиларо
[bes-besilaro]
0
|
|||