Personal Notes
This word has other meanings (homographs).
View alternatives
🌐 Translations
Russian
(по)гасить, погашать; возмещать, возместить; отблагодарить; мстить
English
to repay, liquidate (debts); to compensate, reimburse; to thank, reward; to avenge, take revenge
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: bets'ize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Imperfective
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
System Information
Database ID
285856
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-22 03:44
Attestation Count
123
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
вецӀана
/[wet͡sʼana]/
0
|
йецӀана
/[jet͡sʼana]/
0
ецӀана
/[ʔet͡sʼana]/
0
|
бецӀана
/[bet͡sʼana]/
🔒
4
|
рецӀана
/[ret͡sʼana]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
вецӀичӀо
/[wet͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йецӀичӀо
/[jet͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
ецӀичӀо
/[ʔet͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
бецӀичӀо
/[bet͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
🔒
3
|
рецӀичӀо
/[ret͡sʼit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
вецӀила
/[wet͡sʼila]/
0
|
йецӀила
/[jet͡sʼila]/
0
ецӀила
/[ʔet͡sʼila]/
0
|
бецӀила
/[bet͡sʼila]/
🔒
4
|
рецӀила
/[ret͡sʼila]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Simple Negative |
вецӀиларо
/[wet͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
йецӀиларо
/[jet͡sʼilaro]/
0
ецӀиларо
/[ʔet͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
бецӀиларо
/[bet͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
рецӀиларо
/[ret͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
вецӀула
/[wet͡sʼula]/
🔒
0
|
йецӀула
/[jet͡sʼula]/
0
ецӀула
/[ʔet͡sʼula]/
0
|
бецӀула
/[bet͡sʼula]/
🔒
8
|
рецӀула
/[ret͡sʼula]/
🔒
2
|
| Constative Negative |
вецӀуларо
/[wet͡sʼularo]/
🔒
0
|
йецӀуларо
/[jet͡sʼularo]/
0
ецӀуларо
/[ʔet͡sʼularo]/
0
|
бецӀуларо
/[bet͡sʼularo]/
🔒
2
|
рецӀуларо
/[ret͡sʼularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
вецӀулаан
/[wet͡sʼulajan]/
0
|
йецӀулаан
/[jet͡sʼulajan]/
0
ецӀулаан
/[ʔet͡sʼulajan]/
0
|
бецӀулаан
/[bet͡sʼulajan]/
🔒
1
|
рецӀулаан
/[ret͡sʼulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
вецӀулароан
/[wet͡sʼularojan]/
0
|
йецӀулароан
/[jet͡sʼularojan]/
0
ецӀулароан
/[ʔet͡sʼularojan]/
0
|
бецӀулароан
/[bet͡sʼularojan]/
0
|
рецӀулароан
/[ret͡sʼularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
вецӀе
/[wet͡sʼe]/
🔒
0
|
йецӀе
/[jet͡sʼe]/
0
ецӀе
/[ʔet͡sʼe]/
0
|
бецӀе
/[bet͡sʼe]/
🔒
3
|
рецӀе
/[ret͡sʼe]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
вецӀуге
/[wet͡sʼuge]/
0
|
йецӀуге
/[jet͡sʼuge]/
0
ецӀуге
/[ʔet͡sʼuge]/
0
|
бецӀуге
/[bet͡sʼuge]/
🔒
1
|
рецӀуге
/[ret͡sʼuge]/
0
|
| Optative |
вецӀеги
/[wet͡sʼegi]/
0
|
йецӀеги
/[jet͡sʼegi]/
0
ецӀеги
/[ʔet͡sʼegi]/
0
|
бецӀеги
/[bet͡sʼegi]/
0
|
рецӀеги
/[ret͡sʼegi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
вецӀугеги
/[wet͡sʼugegi]/
0
|
йецӀугеги
/[jet͡sʼugegi]/
0
ецӀугеги
/[ʔet͡sʼugegi]/
0
|
бецӀугеги
/[bet͡sʼugegi]/
0
|
рецӀугеги
/[ret͡sʼugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
вецӀизин
/[wet͡sʼizin]/
0
|
йецӀизин
/[jet͡sʼizin]/
0
ецӀизин
/[ʔet͡sʼizin]/
0
|
бецӀизин
/[bet͡sʼizin]/
0
|
рецӀизин
/[ret͡sʼizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
вецӀани
/[wet͡sʼani]/
0
|
йецӀани
/[jet͡sʼani]/
0
ецӀани
/[ʔet͡sʼani]/
0
|
бецӀани
/[bet͡sʼani]/
🔒
1
|
рецӀани
/[ret͡sʼani]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
вецӀичӀони
/[wet͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йецӀичӀони
/[jet͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
ецӀичӀони
/[ʔet͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
бецӀичӀони
/[bet͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
🔒
2
|
рецӀичӀони
/[ret͡sʼit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
вецӀанищ
/[wet͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
|
йецӀанищ
/[jet͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
ецӀанищ
/[ʔet͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
|
бецӀанищ
/[bet͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
|
рецӀанищ
/[ret͡sʼaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вецӀичӀищ
/[wet͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йецӀичӀищ
/[jet͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
ецӀичӀищ
/[ʔet͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
бецӀичӀищ
/[bet͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
рецӀичӀищ
/[ret͡sʼit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
вецӀулищ
/[wet͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
|
йецӀулищ
/[jet͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
ецӀулищ
/[ʔet͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
|
бецӀулищ
/[bet͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
|
рецӀулищ
/[ret͡sʼuliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
вецӀуларищ
/[wet͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
|
йецӀуларищ
/[jet͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
ецӀуларищ
/[ʔet͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
|
бецӀуларищ
/[bet͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
|
рецӀуларищ
/[ret͡sʼulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
вецӀилищ
/[wet͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
|
йецӀилищ
/[jet͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
ецӀилищ
/[ʔet͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
|
бецӀилищ
/[bet͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
|
рецӀилищ
/[ret͡sʼiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
вецӀиларищ
/[wet͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
|
йецӀиларищ
/[jet͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
ецӀиларищ
/[ʔet͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
|
бецӀиларищ
/[bet͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
|
рецӀиларищ
/[ret͡sʼilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
вецӀарав
/[wet͡sʼaraw]/
0
|
йецӀарай
/[jet͡sʼaraj]/
0
ецӀарай
/[ʔet͡sʼaraj]/
0
|
бецӀараб
/[bet͡sʼarab]/
0
|
рецӀарал
/[ret͡sʼaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
вецӀичӀев
/[wet͡sʼit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йецӀичӀей
/[jet͡sʼit͡ʃʼej]/
0
ецӀичӀей
/[ʔet͡sʼit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бецӀичӀеб
/[bet͡sʼit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
рецӀичӀел
/[ret͡sʼit͡ʃʼel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
вецӀулев
/[wet͡sʼulew]/
🔒
0
|
йецӀулей
/[jet͡sʼulej]/
0
ецӀулей
/[ʔet͡sʼulej]/
0
|
бецӀулеб
/[bet͡sʼuleb]/
🔒
27
|
рецӀулел
/[ret͡sʼulel]/
🔒
7
|
| Present Participle Negative |
вецӀуларев
/[wet͡sʼularew]/
🔒
0
|
йецӀуларей
/[jet͡sʼularej]/
0
ецӀуларей
/[ʔet͡sʼularej]/
0
|
бецӀулареб
/[bet͡sʼulareb]/
🔒
2
|
рецӀуларел
/[ret͡sʼularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
вецӀилев
/[wet͡sʼilew]/
0
|
йецӀилей
/[jet͡sʼilej]/
0
ецӀилей
/[ʔet͡sʼilej]/
0
|
бецӀилеб
/[bet͡sʼileb]/
🔒
2
|
рецӀилел
/[ret͡sʼilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
вецӀиларев
/[wet͡sʼilarew]/
0
|
йецӀиларей
/[jet͡sʼilarej]/
0
ецӀиларей
/[ʔet͡sʼilarej]/
0
|
бецӀилареб
/[bet͡sʼilareb]/
0
|
рецӀиларел
/[ret͡sʼilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
вецӀизехъин
/[wet͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
йецӀизехъин
/[jet͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
ецӀизехъин
/[ʔet͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
бецӀизехъин
/[bet͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
рецӀизехъин
/[ret͡sʼizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
вецӀизехъинро
/[wet͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йецӀизехъинро
/[jet͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
ецӀизехъинро
/[ʔet͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
бецӀизехъинро
/[bet͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
рецӀизехъинро
/[ret͡sʼizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
вецӀеяв
/[wet͡sʼejaw]/
0
|
йецӀеяй
/[jet͡sʼejaj]/
0
ецӀеяй
/[ʔet͡sʼejaj]/
0
|
бецӀеяб
/[bet͡sʼejab]/
0
|
рецӀеял
/[ret͡sʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
вецӀарав
0
|
йецӀарай
0
ецӀарай
0
|
бецӀараб
0
|
рецӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
вецӀарас
0
|
йецӀаралъ
0
ецӀаралъ
0
|
бецӀаралъ
0
|
рецӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
вецӀарасул
0
|
йецӀаралъул
0
ецӀаралъул
0
|
бецӀаралъул
0
|
рецӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
вецӀарасе
0
|
йецӀаралъе
0
ецӀаралъе
0
|
бецӀаралъе
0
|
рецӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
вецӀарасда
0
|
йецӀаралъда
0
ецӀаралъда
0
|
бецӀаралъда
0
|
рецӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
вецӀарасде
0
|
йецӀаралъде
0
ецӀаралъде
0
|
бецӀаралъде
0
|
рецӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
вецӀарасдаса
0
|
йецӀаралъдаса
0
ецӀаралъдаса
0
|
бецӀаралъдаса
0
|
рецӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
вецӀарасдасан
0
|
йецӀаралъдасан
0
ецӀаралъдасан
0
|
бецӀаралъдасан
0
|
рецӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
вецӀарасухъ
0
|
йецӀаралъухъ
0
ецӀаралъухъ
0
|
бецӀаралъухъ
0
|
рецӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
вецӀарасухъе
0
|
йецӀаралъухъе
0
ецӀаралъухъе
0
|
бецӀаралъухъе
0
|
рецӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
вецӀарасухъа
0
|
йецӀаралъухъа
0
ецӀаралъухъа
0
|
бецӀаралъухъа
0
|
рецӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
вецӀарасухъан
0
|
йецӀаралъухъан
0
ецӀаралъухъан
0
|
бецӀаралъухъан
0
|
рецӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
вецӀарасулъ
0
|
йецӀаралъулъ
0
ецӀаралъулъ
0
|
бецӀаралъулъ
0
|
рецӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
вецӀарасулъе
0
|
йецӀаралъулъе
0
ецӀаралъулъе
0
|
бецӀаралъулъе
0
|
рецӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
вецӀарасулъа
0
|
йецӀаралъулъа
0
ецӀаралъулъа
0
|
бецӀаралъулъа
0
|
рецӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
вецӀарасулъан
0
|
йецӀаралъулъан
0
ецӀаралъулъан
0
|
бецӀаралъулъан
0
|
рецӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
вецӀарасукь
0
|
йецӀаралъукь
0
ецӀаралъукь
0
|
бецӀаралъукь
0
|
рецӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
вецӀарасукье
0
|
йецӀаралъукье
0
ецӀаралъукье
0
|
бецӀаралъукье
0
|
рецӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
вецӀарасукьа
0
|
йецӀаралъукьа
0
ецӀаралъукьа
0
|
бецӀаралъукьа
0
|
рецӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
вецӀарасукьан
0
|
йецӀаралъукьан
0
ецӀаралъукьан
0
|
бецӀаралъукьан
0
|
рецӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
вецӀун
/[wet͡sʼun]/
0
|
йецӀун
/[jet͡sʼun]/
0
ецӀун
/[ʔet͡sʼun]/
0
|
бецӀун
/[bet͡sʼun]/
🔒
37
|
рецӀун
/[ret͡sʼun]/
🔒
6
|
| Adverbial Past |
вецӀун
/[wet͡sʼun]/
🔒
0
|
йецӀун
/[jet͡sʼun]/
0
ецӀун
/[ʔet͡sʼun]/
0
|
бецӀун
/[bet͡sʼun]/
🔒
37
|
рецӀун
/[ret͡sʼun]/
🔒
6
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
вецӀичӀого
/[wet͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йецӀичӀого
/[jet͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
ецӀичӀого
/[ʔet͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
бецӀичӀого
/[bet͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
🔒
3
|
рецӀичӀого
/[ret͡sʼit͡ʃʼogo]/
🔒
3
|
| Adverbial General |
вецӀулаго
/[wet͡sʼulago]/
🔒
0
|
йецӀулаго
/[jet͡sʼulago]/
0
ецӀулаго
/[ʔet͡sʼulago]/
0
|
бецӀулаго
/[bet͡sʼulago]/
🔒
1
|
рецӀулаго
/[ret͡sʼulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
вецӀуларого
/[wet͡sʼularogo]/
0
|
йецӀуларого
/[jet͡sʼularogo]/
0
ецӀуларого
/[ʔet͡sʼularogo]/
0
|
бецӀуларого
/[bet͡sʼularogo]/
0
|
рецӀуларого
/[ret͡sʼularogo]/
🔒
1
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
вецӀи
/[wet͡sʼi]/
0
|
йецӀи
/[jet͡sʼi]/
0
ецӀи
/[ʔet͡sʼi]/
0
|
бецӀи
/[bet͡sʼi]/
🔒
4
|
рецӀи
/[ret͡sʼi]/
🔒
4
|
| Infinitive |
вецӀизе
/[wet͡sʼize]/
0
|
йецӀизе
/[jet͡sʼize]/
0
ецӀизе
/[ʔet͡sʼize]/
0
|
бецӀизе
/[bet͡sʼize]/
🔒
123
|
рецӀизе
/[ret͡sʼize]/
🔒
24
|
| Causative |
вецӀизавизе
/[wet͡sʼizawize]/
0
|
йецӀизайизе
/[jet͡sʼizajize]/
0
ецӀизайизе
/[ʔet͡sʼizajize]/
0
|
бецӀизабизе
/[bet͡sʼizabize]/
🔒
7
|
рецӀизаризе
/[ret͡sʼizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
вецӀизавуларо
/[wet͡sʼizawularo]/
0
|
йецӀизайуларо
/[jet͡sʼizajularo]/
0
ецӀизайуларо
/[ʔet͡sʼizajularo]/
0
|
бецӀизабуларо
/[bet͡sʼizabularo]/
0
|
рецӀизаруларо
/[ret͡sʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
вецӀиаризе
/[wet͡sʼijarize]/
0
|
йецӀиаризе
/[jet͡sʼijarize]/
0
ецӀиаризе
/[ʔet͡sʼijarize]/
0
|
бецӀиаризе
/[bet͡sʼijarize]/
0
|
рецӀиаризе
/[ret͡sʼijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
вецӀиариларо
/[wet͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
|
йецӀиариларо
/[jet͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
ецӀиариларо
/[ʔet͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
|
бецӀиариларо
/[bet͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
|
рецӀиариларо
/[ret͡sʼijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
вецӀ-вецӀизе
/[wet͡sʼ-wet͡sʼize]/
0
|
йецӀ-йецӀизе
/[jet͡sʼ-jet͡sʼize]/
0
ецӀ-ецӀизе
/[ʔet͡sʼ-et͡sʼize]/
0
|
бецӀ-бецӀизе
/[bet͡sʼ-bet͡sʼize]/
0
|
рецӀ-рецӀизе
/[ret͡sʼ-ret͡sʼize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
вецӀ-вецӀиларо
/[wet͡sʼ-wet͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
йецӀ-йецӀиларо
/[jet͡sʼ-jet͡sʼilaro]/
0
ецӀ-ецӀиларо
/[ʔet͡sʼ-et͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
бецӀ-бецӀиларо
/[bet͡sʼ-bet͡sʼilaro]/
0
|
рецӀ-рецӀиларо
/[ret͡sʼ-ret͡sʼilaro]/
0
|