Personal Notes
This word has other meanings (homographs).
View alternatives
🌐 Translations
Russian
(по)темнеть, погружаться во мрак; (по)мрачнеть
English
to darken, to grow dark; to become gloomy
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: bets'lhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Inchoative
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
285861
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-22 03:45
Attestation Count
3
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[bet͡sʼɬulew wugo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼɬulej jigo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[bet͡sʼɬulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼɬulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼɬuleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bet͡sʼɬulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
бецӀлъана
[bet͡sʼɬana]
🔒
12
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
бецӀлъичӀо
[bet͡sʼɬit͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
бецӀлъила
[bet͡sʼɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
бецӀлъиларо
[bet͡sʼɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
бецӀлъула
[bet͡sʼɬula]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
бецӀлъуларо
[bet͡sʼɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
бецӀлъулаан
[bet͡sʼɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
бецӀлъулароан
[bet͡sʼɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
бецӀлъе
[bet͡sʼɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
бецӀлъуге
[bet͡sʼɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
бецӀлъеги
[bet͡sʼɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
бецӀлъугеги
[bet͡sʼɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
бецӀлъизин
[bet͡sʼɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
бецӀлъани
[bet͡sʼɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
бецӀлъичӀони
[bet͡sʼɬit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀлъанищ
[bet͡sʼɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀлъичӀищ
[bet͡sʼɬit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀлъулищ
[bet͡sʼɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀлъуларищ
[bet͡sʼɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀлъилищ
[bet͡sʼɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бецӀлъиларищ
[bet͡sʼɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
бецӀлъарав
/[bet͡sʼɬaraw]/
🔒
2
|
бецӀлъарай
/[bet͡sʼɬaraj]/
0
|
бецӀлъараб
/[bet͡sʼɬarab]/
🔒
2
|
бецӀлъарал
/[bet͡sʼɬaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
бецӀлъичӀев
/[bet͡sʼɬit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
бецӀлъичӀей
/[bet͡sʼɬit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бецӀлъичӀеб
/[bet͡sʼɬit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
бецӀлъичӀел
/[bet͡sʼɬit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
бецӀлъулев
/[bet͡sʼɬulew]/
0
|
бецӀлъулей
/[bet͡sʼɬulej]/
0
|
бецӀлъулеб
/[bet͡sʼɬuleb]/
🔒
1
|
бецӀлъулел
/[bet͡sʼɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
бецӀлъуларев
/[bet͡sʼɬularew]/
0
|
бецӀлъуларей
/[bet͡sʼɬularej]/
0
|
бецӀлъулареб
/[bet͡sʼɬulareb]/
0
|
бецӀлъуларел
/[bet͡sʼɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
бецӀлъилев
/[bet͡sʼɬilew]/
0
|
бецӀлъилей
/[bet͡sʼɬilej]/
0
|
бецӀлъилеб
/[bet͡sʼɬileb]/
0
|
бецӀлъилел
/[bet͡sʼɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
бецӀлъиларев
/[bet͡sʼɬilarew]/
0
|
бецӀлъиларей
/[bet͡sʼɬilarej]/
0
|
бецӀлъилареб
/[bet͡sʼɬilareb]/
0
|
бецӀлъиларел
/[bet͡sʼɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
бецӀлъизехъин
[bet͡sʼɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
бецӀлъизехъинро
[bet͡sʼɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
бецӀлъеяв
/[bet͡sʼɬejaw]/
0
|
бецӀлъеяй
/[bet͡sʼɬejaj]/
0
|
бецӀлъеяб
/[bet͡sʼɬejab]/
0
|
бецӀлъеял
/[bet͡sʼɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
бецӀлъарав
2
|
бецӀлъарай
0
|
бецӀлъараб
2
|
бецӀлъарал
1
|
| Ergative |
бецӀлъарас
0
|
бецӀлъаралъ
0
|
бецӀлъаралъ
0
|
бецӀлъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
бецӀлъарасул
0
|
бецӀлъаралъул
0
|
бецӀлъаралъул
0
|
бецӀлъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
бецӀлъарасе
0
|
бецӀлъаралъе
0
|
бецӀлъаралъе
0
|
бецӀлъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
бецӀлъарасда
0
|
бецӀлъаралъда
0
|
бецӀлъаралъда
0
|
бецӀлъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
бецӀлъарасде
0
|
бецӀлъаралъде
0
|
бецӀлъаралъде
0
|
бецӀлъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
бецӀлъарасдаса
0
|
бецӀлъаралъдаса
0
|
бецӀлъаралъдаса
0
|
бецӀлъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
бецӀлъарасдасан
0
|
бецӀлъаралъдасан
0
|
бецӀлъаралъдасан
0
|
бецӀлъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
бецӀлъарасухъ
0
|
бецӀлъаралъухъ
0
|
бецӀлъаралъухъ
0
|
бецӀлъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
бецӀлъарасухъе
0
|
бецӀлъаралъухъе
0
|
бецӀлъаралъухъе
0
|
бецӀлъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
бецӀлъарасухъа
0
|
бецӀлъаралъухъа
0
|
бецӀлъаралъухъа
0
|
бецӀлъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
бецӀлъарасухъан
0
|
бецӀлъаралъухъан
0
|
бецӀлъаралъухъан
0
|
бецӀлъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
бецӀлъарасулъ
0
|
бецӀлъаралъулъ
0
|
бецӀлъаралъулъ
0
|
бецӀлъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
бецӀлъарасулъе
0
|
бецӀлъаралъулъе
0
|
бецӀлъаралъулъе
0
|
бецӀлъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
бецӀлъарасулъа
0
|
бецӀлъаралъулъа
0
|
бецӀлъаралъулъа
0
|
бецӀлъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
бецӀлъарасулъан
0
|
бецӀлъаралъулъан
0
|
бецӀлъаралъулъан
0
|
бецӀлъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
бецӀлъарасукь
0
|
бецӀлъаралъукь
0
|
бецӀлъаралъукь
0
|
бецӀлъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
бецӀлъарасукье
0
|
бецӀлъаралъукье
0
|
бецӀлъаралъукье
0
|
бецӀлъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
бецӀлъарасукьа
0
|
бецӀлъаралъукьа
0
|
бецӀлъаралъукьа
0
|
бецӀлъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
бецӀлъарасукьан
0
|
бецӀлъаралъукьан
0
|
бецӀлъаралъукьан
0
|
бецӀлъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
бецӀлъун
[bet͡sʼɬun]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
бецӀлъун
[bet͡sʼɬun]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
бецӀлъичӀого
[bet͡sʼɬit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
бецӀлъулаго
[bet͡sʼɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
бецӀлъуларого
[bet͡sʼɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
бецӀлъи
[bet͡sʼɬi]
🔒
22
|
|||
| Infinitive |
бецӀлъизе
[bet͡sʼɬize]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Causative |
бецӀлъизавизе
/[bet͡sʼɬizawize]/
0
|
бецӀлъизайизе
/[bet͡sʼɬizajize]/
0
|
бецӀлъизабизе
/[bet͡sʼɬizabize]/
0
|
бецӀлъизаризе
/[bet͡sʼɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
бецӀлъизавуларо
/[bet͡sʼɬizawularo]/
0
|
бецӀлъизайуларо
/[bet͡sʼɬizajularo]/
0
|
бецӀлъизабуларо
/[bet͡sʼɬizabularo]/
0
|
бецӀлъизаруларо
/[bet͡sʼɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
бецӀлъиаризе
[bet͡sʼɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
бецӀлъиариларо
[bet͡sʼɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
бецӀлъ-бецӀлъизе
[bet͡sʼɬ-bet͡sʼɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
бецӀлъ-бецӀлъиларо
[bet͡sʼɬ-bet͡sʼɬilaro]
0
|
|||