Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
упрекать, порицать; ругать кого-л.; ругаться с кем-л.
English
to reproach, to scold; to quarrel with someone
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: bitsarize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
286039
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-24 11:41
Attestation Count
2
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
бицарана
[bit͡sarana]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
бицаричӀо
[bit͡sarit͡ʃʼo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
бицарила
[bit͡sarila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
бицариларо
[bit͡sarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
бицарула
[bit͡sarula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
бицаруларо
[bit͡sarularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
бицарулаан
[bit͡sarulajan]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
бицарулароан
[bit͡sarularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
бицаре
[bit͡sare]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
бицаруге
[bit͡saruge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
бицареги
[bit͡saregi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
бицаругеги
[bit͡sarugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
бицаризин
[bit͡sarizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
бицарани
[bit͡sarani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
бицаричӀони
[bit͡sarit͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
бицаранищ
[bit͡saraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бицаричӀищ
[bit͡sarit͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
бицарулищ
[bit͡saruliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
бицаруларищ
[bit͡sarulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
бицарилищ
[bit͡sariliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
бицариларищ
[bit͡sarilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
бицарарав
/[bit͡sararaw]/
0
|
бицарарай
/[bit͡sararaj]/
0
|
бицарараб
/[bit͡sararab]/
0
|
бицарарал
/[bit͡sararal]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
бицаричӀев
/[bit͡sarit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
бицаричӀей
/[bit͡sarit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
бицаричӀеб
/[bit͡sarit͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
бицаричӀел
/[bit͡sarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
бицарулев
/[bit͡sarulew]/
🔒
1
|
бицарулей
/[bit͡sarulej]/
0
|
бицарулеб
/[bit͡saruleb]/
0
|
бицарулел
/[bit͡sarulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
бицаруларев
/[bit͡sarularew]/
0
|
бицаруларей
/[bit͡sarularej]/
0
|
бицарулареб
/[bit͡sarulareb]/
0
|
бицаруларел
/[bit͡sarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
бицарилев
/[bit͡sarilew]/
0
|
бицарилей
/[bit͡sarilej]/
0
|
бицарилеб
/[bit͡sarileb]/
0
|
бицарилел
/[bit͡sarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
бицариларев
/[bit͡sarilarew]/
0
|
бицариларей
/[bit͡sarilarej]/
0
|
бицарилареб
/[bit͡sarilareb]/
0
|
бицариларел
/[bit͡sarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
бицаризехъин
[bit͡sarizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
бицаризехъинро
[bit͡sarizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
бицареяв
/[bit͡sarejaw]/
0
|
бицареяй
/[bit͡sarejaj]/
0
|
бицареяб
/[bit͡sarejab]/
0
|
бицареял
/[bit͡sarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
бицарарав
0
|
бицарарай
0
|
бицарараб
0
|
бицарарал
0
|
| Ergative |
бицарарас
0
|
бицараралъ
0
|
бицараралъ
0
|
бицарараз
0
|
| Genitive |
бицарарасул
0
|
бицараралъул
0
|
бицараралъул
0
|
бицараразул
0
|
| Dative |
бицарарасе
0
|
бицараралъе
0
|
бицараралъе
0
|
бицараразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
бицарарасда
0
|
бицараралъда
0
|
бицараралъда
0
|
бицараразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
бицарарасде
0
|
бицараралъде
0
|
бицараралъде
0
|
бицараразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
бицарарасдаса
0
|
бицараралъдаса
0
|
бицараралъдаса
0
|
бицарараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
бицарарасдасан
0
|
бицараралъдасан
0
|
бицараралъдасан
0
|
бицарараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
бицарарасухъ
0
|
бицараралъухъ
0
|
бицараралъухъ
0
|
бицараразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
бицарарасухъе
0
|
бицараралъухъе
0
|
бицараралъухъе
0
|
бицараразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
бицарарасухъа
0
|
бицараралъухъа
0
|
бицараралъухъа
0
|
бицараразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
бицарарасухъан
0
|
бицараралъухъан
0
|
бицараралъухъан
0
|
бицараразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
бицарарасулъ
0
|
бицараралъулъ
0
|
бицараралъулъ
0
|
бицараразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
бицарарасулъе
0
|
бицараралъулъе
0
|
бицараралъулъе
0
|
бицараразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
бицарарасулъа
0
|
бицараралъулъа
0
|
бицараралъулъа
0
|
бицараразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
бицарарасулъан
0
|
бицараралъулъан
0
|
бицараралъулъан
0
|
бицараразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
бицарарасукь
0
|
бицараралъукь
0
|
бицараралъукь
0
|
бицараразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
бицарарасукье
0
|
бицараралъукье
0
|
бицараралъукье
0
|
бицараразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
бицарарасукьа
0
|
бицараралъукьа
0
|
бицараралъукьа
0
|
бицараразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
бицарарасукьан
0
|
бицараралъукьан
0
|
бицараралъукьан
0
|
бицараразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
бицарун
[bit͡sarun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
бицарун
[bit͡sarun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
бицаричӀого
[bit͡sarit͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
бицарулаго
[bit͡sarulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
бицаруларого
[bit͡sarularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
бицари
[bit͡sari]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
бицаризе
[bit͡sarize]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Causative |
бицаризавизе
/[bit͡sarizawize]/
0
|
бицаризайизе
/[bit͡sarizajize]/
0
|
бицаризабизе
/[bit͡sarizabize]/
0
|
бицаризаризе
/[bit͡sarizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
бицаризавуларо
/[bit͡sarizawularo]/
0
|
бицаризайуларо
/[bit͡sarizajularo]/
0
|
бицаризабуларо
/[bit͡sarizabularo]/
0
|
бицаризаруларо
/[bit͡sarizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
бицариаризе
[bit͡sarijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
бицариариларо
[bit͡sarijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
бицар-бицаризе
[bit͡sar-bit͡sarize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
бицар-бицариларо
[bit͡sar-bit͡sarilaro]
0
|
|||