Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
вспомогательный глагол с общим значением завершённости действия (с деепр. другого гл.)
English
auxiliary verb indicating completion of an action (with converbs)
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Tags
auxiliary
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: bichchanteze
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
System Information
Database ID
286058
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-24 11:44
Attestation Count
4
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[wit͡ʃːantolew wugo]/ |
/[jit͡ʃːantolej jigo]/ |
/[bit͡ʃːantoleb bugo]/ |
/[rit͡ʃːantolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[wit͡ʃːantolew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[jit͡ʃːantolej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[bit͡ʃːantoleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[rit͡ʃːantolel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
виччантена
/[wit͡ʃːantena]/
0
|
йиччантена
/[jit͡ʃːantena]/
0
|
биччантена
/[bit͡ʃːantena]/
🔒
0
|
риччантена
/[rit͡ʃːantena]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
виччантечӀо
/[wit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
йиччантечӀо
/[jit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
биччантечӀо
/[bit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
риччантечӀо
/[rit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
виччантела
/[wit͡ʃːantela]/
0
|
йиччантела
/[jit͡ʃːantela]/
0
|
биччантела
/[bit͡ʃːantela]/
0
|
риччантела
/[rit͡ʃːantela]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
виччантеларо
/[wit͡ʃːantelaro]/
0
|
йиччантеларо
/[jit͡ʃːantelaro]/
0
|
биччантеларо
/[bit͡ʃːantelaro]/
0
|
риччантеларо
/[rit͡ʃːantelaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
виччантола
/[wit͡ʃːantola]/
0
|
йиччантола
/[jit͡ʃːantola]/
0
|
биччантола
/[bit͡ʃːantola]/
🔒
0
|
риччантола
/[rit͡ʃːantola]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
виччантоларо
/[wit͡ʃːantolaro]/
0
|
йиччантоларо
/[jit͡ʃːantolaro]/
0
|
биччантоларо
/[bit͡ʃːantolaro]/
0
|
риччантоларо
/[rit͡ʃːantolaro]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
виччантолаан
/[wit͡ʃːantolajan]/
0
|
йиччантолаан
/[jit͡ʃːantolajan]/
0
|
биччантолаан
/[bit͡ʃːantolajan]/
0
|
риччантолаан
/[rit͡ʃːantolajan]/
🔒
1
|
| Remote Past Negative |
виччантолароан
/[wit͡ʃːantolarojan]/
0
|
йиччантолароан
/[jit͡ʃːantolarojan]/
0
|
биччантолароан
/[bit͡ʃːantolarojan]/
0
|
риччантолароан
/[rit͡ʃːantolarojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
виччанте
/[wit͡ʃːante]/
🔒
9
|
йиччанте
/[jit͡ʃːante]/
🔒
2
|
биччанте
/[bit͡ʃːante]/
🔒
203
|
риччанте
/[rit͡ʃːante]/
🔒
23
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
виччантоге
/[wit͡ʃːantoge]/
🔒
0
|
йиччантоге
/[jit͡ʃːantoge]/
🔒
0
|
биччантоге
/[bit͡ʃːantoge]/
🔒
0
|
риччантоге
/[rit͡ʃːantoge]/
🔒
0
|
| Optative |
виччантеги
/[wit͡ʃːantegi]/
0
|
йиччантеги
/[jit͡ʃːantegi]/
0
|
биччантеги
/[bit͡ʃːantegi]/
0
|
риччантеги
/[rit͡ʃːantegi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
виччантогеги
/[wit͡ʃːantogegi]/
🔒
0
|
йиччантогеги
/[jit͡ʃːantogegi]/
🔒
0
|
биччантогеги
/[bit͡ʃːantogegi]/
🔒
0
|
риччантогеги
/[rit͡ʃːantogegi]/
🔒
0
|
| Hortative |
виччантезин
/[wit͡ʃːantezin]/
0
|
йиччантезин
/[jit͡ʃːantezin]/
0
|
биччантезин
/[bit͡ʃːantezin]/
0
|
риччантезин
/[rit͡ʃːantezin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
виччантени
/[wit͡ʃːanteni]/
🔒
0
|
йиччантени
/[jit͡ʃːanteni]/
🔒
0
|
биччантени
/[bit͡ʃːanteni]/
🔒
0
|
риччантени
/[rit͡ʃːanteni]/
🔒
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
виччантечӀони
/[wit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йиччантечӀони
/[jit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
биччантечӀони
/[bit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
риччантечӀони
/[rit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
виччантенищ
/[wit͡ʃːanteniʃː]/
0
|
йиччантенищ
/[jit͡ʃːanteniʃː]/
0
|
биччантенищ
/[bit͡ʃːanteniʃː]/
0
|
риччантенищ
/[rit͡ʃːanteniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
виччантечӀищ
/[wit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йиччантечӀищ
/[jit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
биччантечӀищ
/[bit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
риччантечӀищ
/[rit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
виччантолищ
/[wit͡ʃːantoliʃː]/
0
|
йиччантолищ
/[jit͡ʃːantoliʃː]/
0
|
биччантолищ
/[bit͡ʃːantoliʃː]/
0
|
риччантолищ
/[rit͡ʃːantoliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
виччантоларищ
/[wit͡ʃːantolariʃː]/
0
|
йиччантоларищ
/[jit͡ʃːantolariʃː]/
0
|
биччантоларищ
/[bit͡ʃːantolariʃː]/
0
|
риччантоларищ
/[rit͡ʃːantolariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
виччантелищ
/[wit͡ʃːanteliʃː]/
0
|
йиччантелищ
/[jit͡ʃːanteliʃː]/
0
|
биччантелищ
/[bit͡ʃːanteliʃː]/
0
|
риччантелищ
/[rit͡ʃːanteliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
виччантеларищ
/[wit͡ʃːantelariʃː]/
0
|
йиччантеларищ
/[jit͡ʃːantelariʃː]/
0
|
биччантеларищ
/[bit͡ʃːantelariʃː]/
0
|
риччантеларищ
/[rit͡ʃːantelariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
виччантерав
/[wit͡ʃːanteraw]/
0
|
йиччантерай
/[jit͡ʃːanteraj]/
0
|
биччантераб
/[bit͡ʃːanterab]/
0
|
риччантерал
/[rit͡ʃːanteral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
виччантечӀев
/[wit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йиччантечӀей
/[jit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
биччантечӀеб
/[bit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
риччантечӀел
/[rit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
виччантолев
/[wit͡ʃːantolew]/
0
|
йиччантолей
/[jit͡ʃːantolej]/
0
|
биччантолеб
/[bit͡ʃːantoleb]/
0
|
риччантолел
/[rit͡ʃːantolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
виччантоларев
/[wit͡ʃːantolarew]/
0
|
йиччантоларей
/[jit͡ʃːantolarej]/
0
|
биччантолареб
/[bit͡ʃːantolareb]/
0
|
риччантоларел
/[rit͡ʃːantolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
виччантелев
/[wit͡ʃːantelew]/
0
|
йиччантелей
/[jit͡ʃːantelej]/
0
|
биччантелеб
/[bit͡ʃːanteleb]/
0
|
риччантелел
/[rit͡ʃːantelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
виччантеларев
/[wit͡ʃːantelarew]/
0
|
йиччантеларей
/[jit͡ʃːantelarej]/
0
|
биччантелареб
/[bit͡ʃːantelareb]/
0
|
риччантеларел
/[rit͡ʃːantelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
виччантезехъин
/[wit͡ʃːantezeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
йиччантезехъин
/[jit͡ʃːantezeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
биччантезехъин
/[bit͡ʃːantezeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
риччантезехъин
/[rit͡ʃːantezeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
виччантезехъинро
/[wit͡ʃːantezeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йиччантезехъинро
/[jit͡ʃːantezeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
биччантезехъинро
/[bit͡ʃːantezeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
риччантезехъинро
/[rit͡ʃːantezeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
виччантеяв
/[wit͡ʃːantejaw]/
0
|
йиччантеяй
/[jit͡ʃːantejaj]/
0
|
биччантеяб
/[bit͡ʃːantejab]/
0
|
риччантеял
/[rit͡ʃːantejal]/
🔒
2
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
виччантерав
0
|
йиччантерай
0
|
биччантераб
0
|
риччантерал
0
|
| Ergative |
виччантерас
0
|
йиччантералъ
0
|
биччантералъ
0
|
риччантераз
0
|
| Genitive |
виччантерасул
0
|
йиччантералъул
0
|
биччантералъул
0
|
риччантеразул
0
|
| Dative |
виччантерасе
0
|
йиччантералъе
0
|
биччантералъе
0
|
риччантеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
виччантерасда
0
|
йиччантералъда
0
|
биччантералъда
0
|
риччантеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
виччантерасде
0
|
йиччантералъде
0
|
биччантералъде
0
|
риччантеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
виччантерасдаса
0
|
йиччантералъдаса
0
|
биччантералъдаса
0
|
риччантераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
виччантерасдасан
0
|
йиччантералъдасан
0
|
биччантералъдасан
0
|
риччантераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
виччантерасухъ
0
|
йиччантералъухъ
0
|
биччантералъухъ
0
|
риччантеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
виччантерасухъе
0
|
йиччантералъухъе
0
|
биччантералъухъе
0
|
риччантеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
виччантерасухъа
0
|
йиччантералъухъа
0
|
биччантералъухъа
0
|
риччантеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
виччантерасухъан
0
|
йиччантералъухъан
0
|
биччантералъухъан
0
|
риччантеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
виччантерасулъ
0
|
йиччантералъулъ
0
|
биччантералъулъ
0
|
риччантеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
виччантерасулъе
0
|
йиччантералъулъе
0
|
биччантералъулъе
0
|
риччантеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
виччантерасулъа
0
|
йиччантералъулъа
0
|
биччантералъулъа
0
|
риччантеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
виччантерасулъан
0
|
йиччантералъулъан
0
|
биччантералъулъан
0
|
риччантеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
виччантерасукь
0
|
йиччантералъукь
0
|
биччантералъукь
0
|
риччантеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
виччантерасукье
0
|
йиччантералъукье
0
|
биччантералъукье
0
|
риччантеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
виччантерасукьа
0
|
йиччантералъукьа
0
|
биччантералъукьа
0
|
риччантеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
виччантерасукьан
0
|
йиччантералъукьан
0
|
биччантералъукьан
0
|
риччантеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
виччантон
/[wit͡ʃːanton]/
0
|
йиччантон
/[jit͡ʃːanton]/
0
|
биччантон
/[bit͡ʃːanton]/
0
|
риччантон
/[rit͡ʃːanton]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
виччантон
/[wit͡ʃːanton]/
🔒
0
|
йиччантон
/[jit͡ʃːanton]/
🔒
0
|
биччантон
/[bit͡ʃːanton]/
🔒
0
|
риччантон
/[rit͡ʃːanton]/
🔒
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
виччантечӀого
/[wit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
йиччантечӀого
/[jit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
биччантечӀого
/[bit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
риччантечӀого
/[rit͡ʃːantet͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
виччантолаго
/[wit͡ʃːantolago]/
0
|
йиччантолаго
/[jit͡ʃːantolago]/
0
|
биччантолаго
/[bit͡ʃːantolago]/
0
|
риччантолаго
/[rit͡ʃːantolago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
виччантоларого
/[wit͡ʃːantolarogo]/
0
|
йиччантоларого
/[jit͡ʃːantolarogo]/
0
|
биччантоларого
/[bit͡ʃːantolarogo]/
0
|
риччантоларого
/[rit͡ʃːantolarogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
виччантей
/[wit͡ʃːantej]/
0
|
йиччантей
/[jit͡ʃːantej]/
0
|
биччантей
/[bit͡ʃːantej]/
🔒
1
|
риччантей
/[rit͡ʃːantej]/
🔒
2
|
| Infinitive |
виччантезе
/[wit͡ʃːanteze]/
🔒
1
|
йиччантезе
/[jit͡ʃːanteze]/
0
|
биччантезе
/[bit͡ʃːanteze]/
🔒
4
|
риччантезе
/[rit͡ʃːanteze]/
0
|
| Causative |
виччантезавизе
/[wit͡ʃːantezawize]/
🔒
0
|
йиччантезайизе
/[jit͡ʃːantezajize]/
0
|
биччантезабизе
/[bit͡ʃːantezabize]/
🔒
0
|
риччантезаризе
/[rit͡ʃːantezarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
виччантезавуларо
/[wit͡ʃːantezawularo]/
0
|
йиччантезайуларо
/[jit͡ʃːantezajularo]/
0
|
биччантезабуларо
/[bit͡ʃːantezabularo]/
0
|
риччантезаруларо
/[rit͡ʃːantezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
виччантеаризе
/[wit͡ʃːantejarize]/
0
|
йиччантеаризе
/[jit͡ʃːantejarize]/
0
|
биччантеаризе
/[bit͡ʃːantejarize]/
0
|
риччантеаризе
/[rit͡ʃːantejarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
виччантеариларо
/[wit͡ʃːantejarilaro]/
0
|
йиччантеариларо
/[jit͡ʃːantejarilaro]/
0
|
биччантеариларо
/[bit͡ʃːantejarilaro]/
0
|
риччантеариларо
/[rit͡ʃːantejarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
виччант-виччантезе
/[wit͡ʃːant-wit͡ʃːanteze]/
0
|
йиччант-йиччантезе
/[jit͡ʃːant-jit͡ʃːanteze]/
0
|
биччант-биччантезе
/[bit͡ʃːant-bit͡ʃːanteze]/
0
|
риччант-риччантезе
/[rit͡ʃːant-rit͡ʃːanteze]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
виччант-виччантеларо
/[wit͡ʃːant-wit͡ʃːantelaro]/
0
|
йиччант-йиччантеларо
/[jit͡ʃːant-jit͡ʃːantelaro]/
0
|
биччант-биччантеларо
/[bit͡ʃːant-bit͡ʃːantelaro]/
0
|
риччант-риччантеларо
/[rit͡ʃːant-rit͡ʃːantelaro]/
0
|