Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
1) говорить, сказать что-л.; (про)молвить, вымолвить что-л.; высказываться, высказаться о чём-л.; передавать, передать что-л.; сообщать, сообщить кому-л. о чём-л.; заявлять, заявить о чём-л.; 2) помол
English
1) to speak, say, pronounce, state, convey, inform; 2) to betroth, matchmake
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
V.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: abize
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
286089
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2026-04-25 07:51
Attestation Count
2476
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
абуна
[ʔabuna]
🔒
4916
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
абичӀо
[ʔabit͡ʃʼo]
🔒
71
|
|||
| Future Simple |
абила
[ʔabila]
🔒
342
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
абиларо
[ʔabilaro]
🔒
107
|
|||
| Constative |
абула
[ʔabula]
🔒
1612
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
абуларо
[ʔabularo]
🔒
47
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
абулаан
[ʔabulajan]
🔒
529
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
абулароан
[ʔabularojan]
🔒
8
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
абе
[ʔabe]
🔒
193
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
абуге
[ʔabuge]
🔒
27
|
|||
| Optative |
абеги
[ʔabegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
абугеги
[ʔabugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
абизин
[ʔabizin]
🔒
14
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
абуни
[ʔabuni]
🔒
2507
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
абичӀони
[ʔabit͡ʃʼoni]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
абунищ
[ʔabuniʃː]
🔒
10
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
абичӀищ
[ʔabit͡ʃʼiʃː]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
абулищ
[ʔabuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
абуларищ
[ʔabulariʃː]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
абилищ
[ʔabiliʃː]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
абиларищ
[ʔabilariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
абурав
/[ʔaburaw]/
🔒
318
|
абурай
/[ʔaburaj]/
🔒
58
|
абураб
/[ʔaburab]/
🔒
7566
|
абурал
/[ʔabural]/
🔒
861
|
| Past Participle Negative |
абичӀев
/[ʔabit͡ʃʼew]/
🔒
3
|
абичӀей
/[ʔabit͡ʃʼej]/
🔒
1
|
абичӀеб
/[ʔabit͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
21
|
абичӀел
/[ʔabit͡ʃʼel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
абулев
/[ʔabulew]/
🔒
383
|
абулей
/[ʔabulej]/
🔒
55
|
абулеб
/[ʔabuleb]/
🔒
4068
|
абулел
/[ʔabulel]/
🔒
363
|
| Present Participle Negative |
абуларев
/[ʔabularew]/
🔒
5
|
абуларей
/[ʔabularej]/
0
|
абулареб
/[ʔabulareb]/
🔒
5
|
абуларел
/[ʔabularel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle |
абилев
/[ʔabilew]/
🔒
22
|
абилей
/[ʔabilej]/
🔒
1
|
абилеб
/[ʔabileb]/
🔒
1809
|
абилел
/[ʔabilel]/
🔒
433
|
| Future Participle Negative |
абиларев
/[ʔabilarew]/
0
|
абиларей
/[ʔabilarej]/
0
|
абилареб
/[ʔabilareb]/
🔒
15
|
абиларел
/[ʔabilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
абизехъин
[ʔabizeq͡χːin]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
абизехъинро
[ʔabizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
абеяв
/[ʔabejaw]/
0
|
абеяй
/[ʔabejaj]/
0
|
абеяб
/[ʔabejab]/
0
|
абеял
/[ʔabejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
абурав
318
|
абурай
58
|
абураб
7566
|
абурал
861
|
| Ergative |
абурас
0
|
абуралъ
1
|
абуралъ
1
|
абураз
0
|
| Genitive |
абурасул
5
|
абуралъул
4
|
абуралъул
4
|
абуразул
1
|
| Dative |
абурасе
5
|
абуралъе
1
|
абуралъе
1
|
абуразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
абурасда
2
|
абуралъда
0
|
абуралъда
0
|
абуразда
1
|
| Allative (-де) |
абурасде
0
|
абуралъде
0
|
абуралъде
0
|
абуразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
абурасдаса
0
|
абуралъдаса
0
|
абуралъдаса
0
|
абураздаса
1
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
абурасдасан
0
|
абуралъдасан
0
|
абуралъдасан
0
|
абураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
абурасухъ
0
|
абуралъухъ
6
|
абуралъухъ
6
|
абуразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
абурасухъе
0
|
абуралъухъе
0
|
абуралъухъе
0
|
абуразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
абурасухъа
0
|
абуралъухъа
0
|
абуралъухъа
0
|
абуразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
абурасухъан
0
|
абуралъухъан
0
|
абуралъухъан
0
|
абуразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
абурасулъ
0
|
абуралъулъ
0
|
абуралъулъ
0
|
абуразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
абурасулъе
0
|
абуралъулъе
0
|
абуралъулъе
0
|
абуразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
абурасулъа
0
|
абуралъулъа
0
|
абуралъулъа
0
|
абуразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
абурасулъан
0
|
абуралъулъан
0
|
абуралъулъан
0
|
абуразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
абурасукь
0
|
абуралъукь
0
|
абуралъукь
0
|
абуразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
абурасукье
0
|
абуралъукье
0
|
абуралъукье
0
|
абуразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
абурасукьа
0
|
абуралъукьа
0
|
абуралъукьа
0
|
абуразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
абурасукьан
0
|
абуралъукьан
0
|
абуралъукьан
0
|
абуразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
абун
[ʔabun]
🔒
7923
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
абун
[ʔabun]
🔒
7923
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
абичӀого
[ʔabit͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
198
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
абулаго
[ʔabulago]
🔒
49
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
абуларого
[ʔabularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
аби
[ʔabi]
🔒
395
|
|||
| Infinitive |
абизе
[ʔabize]
🔒
2476
|
|||
| Causative |
абизавизе
/[ʔabizawize]/
0
|
абизайизе
/[ʔabizajize]/
0
|
абизабизе
/[ʔabizabize]/
0
|
абизаризе
/[ʔabizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
абизавуларо
/[ʔabizawularo]/
0
|
абизайуларо
/[ʔabizajularo]/
0
|
абизабуларо
/[ʔabizabularo]/
0
|
абизаруларо
/[ʔabizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
абидаризе
[ʔabidarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
абидариларо
[ʔabidarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
аб-абизе
[ʔab-abize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
аб-абиларо
[ʔab-abilaro]
0
|
|||